2693295
Descripción
Test por acbridges91, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por acbridges91
hace más de 9 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which of the following is a correct sequence of level in life's hierarchy, proceeding downward from an individual cell?
Respuesta
-
nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nerve cell
-
brain, organ system, nerve cell, nervous tissue
-
organ system, tissue, molecule, cell
-
organism, organ system, tissue, cell, organ
-
organ system, nervous tissue, brain
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
All the organisms on your campus make up
Respuesta
-
community
-
population
-
experimental gorup
-
ecosystem
-
taxonomic domain
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The theory of evolution is a core them in biology.
Respuesta
-
True
-
False
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy.
Respuesta
-
True
-
False
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Systems biology is mainly an attempt to:
Respuesta
-
understand the behavior of entire biological systems
-
build high-throughput machines for the rapid acquisition of biological data
-
analyze genomes from different species
-
simplify complex problems by reducing the system into small, less complex units
-
speed up the technological application of scientific knowledge
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms?
Respuesta
-
emergent properties
-
the structure and function of DNA
-
natural selection
-
matching DNA nucleotides sequences
-
descent with modification
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Who is credited for developing the theory of evolution in his famous 1859 book on the subject?
Respuesta
-
Charles Darwin
-
Thomas Jefferson
-
Benjamin Franklin
-
Barack Obama
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
The universal genetic language of DNA is common to virtually all organisms on Earth, however diverse. What is the best explanation for this fact?
Respuesta
-
The universal genetic language is explained by the chemistry of DNA and proteins
-
The universal nature of the genetic language of DNA is due to coincidence
-
All living things share a common genetic language of DNA because they share a common ancestry.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Select the correct statement about the process of scientific inquiry:
Respuesta
-
If the results of an experiment do not support the hypothesis that is tested, the experiment is badly designed
-
the goal of scientific research is to prove the stated hypothesis
-
it is possible to test hypotheses, such as those involving historical events, without conducting experiments
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which of these is an organ system?
Respuesta
-
stomach
-
mucosa
-
dog
-
digestive
-
gamete
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
DNA is composed of building blocks called
Respuesta
-
nucleic acids
-
Gs
-
nucleotides
-
adenines
-
amino acids
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
In eukaryotic cells DNA has the appearnce of a
Respuesta
-
single strand
-
letter u
-
double helix
-
triple helix
-
circle
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the following attributes is common to both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
Respuesta
-
the use of proteins as information storage molecules
-
the use of DNA as the information storage molecule
-
a membrane-enclosed nucleus
-
membrane-enclosed organelles
-
generally about the same size
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
How does DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) encode information?
Respuesta
-
in the sequence of nucleotides
-
in the different shapes of the DNA molecule
-
the genes along the length of DNA molecules encode the information for building all the cell's other molecules
-
the DNA molecule is composed of many amino acids joined together to form a functional protein
-
in the number of each different nucleotide
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?
Respuesta
-
emergent properties
-
reductionism
-
evolution
-
feedback regulation
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a
Respuesta
-
population
-
ecosystem
-
community
-
family
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which taxonomic domain includes multicellular photosynthetic organisms?
Respuesta
-
bacteria
-
archaea
-
plantae
-
fungi
-
eukarya
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
Respuesta
-
structure of the nucleus
-
near universality of the genetic code
-
structure of chloroplasts
-
structure of cilia
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?
Respuesta
-
informatics
-
taxonomy
-
genomics
-
evolution
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection
Respuesta
-
it requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential reproductive success
-
it requires genetic variation
-
it results in descent with modification
-
it involves differential reproductive success
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess ____.
Respuesta
-
non-heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment
-
heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment
-
non-heritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment
-
heritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species?
Respuesta
-
the book was widely discussed and disseminated
-
the publisher was pressured to cease distribution
-
the book was discredited by most scientists
-
the book was banned from schools
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Darwin's finches, collected from the Galapagos Islands, illustrate which of the following?
Respuesta
-
ancestors from different regions
-
vestigial anatomical structures
-
adaptive radiation
-
the accuracy of the fossil record
-
mutation frequency
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
In order for a hypothesis to be able to be used in science, which of the following must be true?
Respuesta
-
it must be proven correct
-
it must be reproducible
-
it is testable and falsifiable
-
it must be popularly accepted
-
it represents established facts
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Which of the following is true of a scientific theory?
Respuesta
-
it is a method or device that applies to scientific knowledge for some specific purpose
-
it must be demonstrate the effect of one variable by testing control groups and experimental groups
-
it generates testable hypotheses, is supported by a large body of evidence, and is broad in scope
-
it is formulated by many scientists over drinks at a convention
-
it is only accepted after the person who came up with it has died
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
About twenty-five of the ninety-two natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these twenty-five elements make up approximately 96 percent of living matter?
Respuesta
-
carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen
-
oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen
-
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
-
carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Respuesta
-
iron is needed by all humans
-
all life requires the same essential elements
-
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are the most abundant elements of living matter
-
some naturally occurring elements are toxic to organisms
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Knowing the atomic mass of an element allows inferences about which of the following?
Respuesta
-
number of electrons in the element
-
number of protons plus neutrons in the element
-
number of protons plus electrons in the element
-
number of protons in the element
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
In what ways are elements in the same column of the periodic table the same? They have the same number of ____.
Respuesta
-
electrons in their valence shells when neutral
-
electron shells when neutral
-
protons
-
electrons when neutral
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen-15 has a greater mass number than nitrogen-14 because the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains ____.
Respuesta
-
8 neutrons
-
7 neutrons
-
8 protons
-
15 protons
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
From its atomic number of 15, it is possible to predict that the phosophorus atom has ___.
Respuesta
-
15 protons and 15 electrons
-
8 electrons in its outermost electron shell
-
15 neutrons and 15 protons
-
5 neutrons, 5 protons, and 5 electrons
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Fluorine has an atomic number of 9. Which of the following would you do to a neutral fluorine atom to complete its valence shell?
Respuesta
-
remove 1 electron
-
add 1 electron
-
add 2 electrons
-
nothing. If fluorine is neutral, it has a complete valence shell
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Calcium has an atomic number of 20 and a mass number of 35. Therefore, the calcium atom must have:
Respuesta
-
20 neutrons
-
15 neutrons
-
20 electrons
-
a, b, c
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Isotopes are atoms that have:
Respuesta
-
different numbers of protons and not electrons
-
different numbers of protons and neutrons
-
different numbers of neutrons and electrons
-
different number of neutrons and not protons
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
A single molecule of water is held together by what type of bond
Respuesta
-
covalent
-
ionic
-
hydrogen
-
van der Waals interactions
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Oxygen has an atomic number of 9 and most commonly, a mass number of 16. Thus, what is the atomic mass of an oxygen atom?
Respuesta
-
approximately 8 daltons
-
approximately 8 grams
-
approximately 16 grams
-
approximately 16 daltons
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
If you change the number of neutrons in an atom, you create ____.
Respuesta
-
an isotope
-
a different element
-
a cation
-
an anion
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Which of the following is the best description of an atom's physical structure?
Respuesta
-
The particles that form an atom are equidistant from each other
-
atoms are little bubbles of space with mass concentrated at the center of the bubble
-
an atom is a solid mass of material
-
atoms are little bubbles of space with mass concentrated on the outside surface of the bubble
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
What is the maximum number of covalent bonds that an oxygen atom with atomic number 8 can make with hydrogen?
Respuesta
-
6
-
1
-
2
-
4
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are ____.
Respuesta
-
nonpolar covalent bonds.
-
hydrogen bonds
-
polar covalent bonds
-
ionic bonds
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?
Respuesta
-
nonpolar covalent bond
-
hydrophobic interaction
-
polar covalent bond
-
ionic bond
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
How many electron pairs are shared between carbon atoms in a molecule that has the formula C2H4?
Respuesta
-
2
-
3
-
4
-
1
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Which bond or interaction would be difficult to disrupt when compounds are put into water?
Respuesta
-
ionic bonds
-
ionic and hydrogen bonds
-
hydrogen bonds
-
covalent bonds between carbon atoms
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Water molecules are attracted to one another by ____.
Respuesta
-
hydrophobic interactions
-
hydrogen bonds
-
ionic bonds
-
nonpolar covalent bonds
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Van der Waals interactions may result when ____.
Respuesta
-
Molecules held by ionic bonds react with water
-
two polar covalent bonds react
-
electrons are not symmetrically distributed in a molecule
-
a hydrogen atom loses an electron
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
What is the maximum number of hydrogen atoms that can be covalently bonded in a molecule containing two carbon atoms?
Respuesta
-
4
-
8
-
6
-
2
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
How many electrons are involved in a single covalent bond?
Respuesta
-
1
-
2
-
3
-
4
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
When are atoms most stable?
Respuesta
-
When they have the maximum number of unpaired electrons
-
When all electrons are paired
-
When they have the fewest possible valence electrons
-
When all of the electron orbitals in the valence shell are filled
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
When the atoms involved in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity, what type of bond results?
Respuesta
-
Nonpolar covalent bond
-
Hydrogen bond
-
Ionic Bond
-
Polar Covalent Bond
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
You need to represent a molecule to best illustrate the relative sizes of the atoms involved and their interrelationships. Which representation would work best?
Respuesta
-
ball-and-stick model
-
molecular formula
-
structural formula
-
space-filling model
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Which property of water allows a paper towel to pick up a puddle of water?
Respuesta
-
water's high heat of vaporization
-
adhesion of water molecules to other kinds of molecules
-
water's high surface tension
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Which property of water allows dogs to cool themselves by panting?
Respuesta
-
the formation of covalent bonds between water molecules
-
water's high heat of vaporization
-
water's high surface tension
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Which of the following is a hydrophobic material?
Respuesta
-
wax
-
paper
-
table salt
-
pasta
-
sugar
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their
Respuesta
-
mass in daltons
-
mass in grams
-
number of atoms
-
volume
-
number of molecules
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
The unequal sharing of electrons within a water molecule makes the water molecule ____.
Respuesta
-
polar
-
change easily from a liquid to gaseous form
-
ionic
-
have a low surface tension
-
hydrophobic
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
The tendency of an atom to pull electrons towards itself is referred to as its ____.
Respuesta
-
electronegativity
-
tonicity
-
ionic potential
-
covalency
-
polarity
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
A substance that has affinity for water is said to be:
Respuesta
-
hydrophilic
-
hydrophobic
-
colloid
-
symbiotic
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Water freezes at ______°C
Respuesta
-
100 °F
-
23 °F
-
100 °C
-
0 °C
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
The dissolving agent of a solution is the ____, and the substance that is dissolved is the _____?
Respuesta
-
water, salt
-
water, dissolution
-
solute, solvent
-
solvent, solute
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Water molecules have a polarity, which allows them to be electrically attracted to other water molecules and other polar molecules by weak chemical bonds known as _____.
Respuesta
-
polar covalent bonds
-
hydrogen bonds
-
nonpolar covalent bonds
-
ionic bonds
-
Van der Waals interactions
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by ____.
Respuesta
-
polar covalent bonds
-
hydrogen bonds
-
nonpolar covalent bonds
-
ionic bonds
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?
Respuesta
-
a van der Waals interaction
-
an ionic bond
-
a hydrogen bond
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with ____.
Respuesta
-
chloride ions
-
oils
-
oxygen gas (02) molecules
-
compounds that have polar covalent bonds
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
Many of water's emergent properties, such as its cohesion, its high specific heat, and its high heat of vaporization, result from the fact that water molecules ____.
Respuesta
-
are in constant motion
-
tend to repel each other
-
are attracted to each other by partial negative and positive charges on the oxygen and hydrogen atoms, respectively
-
are very small
-
are extremely large
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Because organisms are primarily made of water, they resist rapid temperature changes. This useful quality is based on water's _____.
Respuesta
-
cohesion
-
buffering activity
-
high specific heat
-
ability to form colloids
-
lower density in the solid phase
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Sodas typically contain sugar, flavorings, coloring agents, and carbon dioxide dissolved in water. The best term to describe this mixture would be ____.
Respuesta
-
a suspension
-
an aqueous solvent
-
a solute
-
a solvent
-
an aqueous solution
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Which statement must be mentioned in explaining why amphipathic molecules line up at a water surface?
Respuesta
-
nonpolar groups attract one another
-
polar groups repel water
-
polar groups attract one another
-
nonpolar groups repel water
-
all of the above
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
Why doesn't oil mix with water?
Respuesta
-
nonpolar molecules repel water molecules
-
polar molecules repel nonpolar molecules
-
polar molecules attract one another
-
nonpolar molecules attract one another
-
both a and b
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
A solution is aqueous if...
Respuesta
-
water is a solute
-
it contains water
-
water is the solvent
-
it occurs in nature
-
none of the above
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
A 1 M solution contains...
Respuesta
-
one mole of solute per liter of solution
-
one mole of solute per liter of water
-
a one-to-one ratio of solute to solvent molecules
-
both b and c
-
none of the above
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
To act as an effective coolant in a car's radiator, a substance has to have the capacity to absorb a great deal of heat. You have a reference book with tables listing the physical properties of many liquids. In choosing a coolant for you car, which table would you check first?
Respuesta
-
pH
-
specific heat
-
heat of vaporization
-
density at room temperature
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
Which of the following takes place as an ice cube cools a drink?
Respuesta
-
kinetic energy in the liquid water decreases
-
molecular collisions in the drink increase
-
a calorie of heat energy is transferred from the ice to the water of the drink
-
the specific heat of the water in the drink decreases.
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are _____.
Respuesta
-
polar substances that have an affinity for water
-
polar substances that repel water molecules
-
nonpolar substances that have an attraction for water molecules
-
nonpolar substance that repel water molecules
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
Which characteristic of water molecules directly contributes to the remarkable "water walking" success of aquatic insects?
Respuesta
-
high surface tension
-
capillary action
-
high specific heat
-
imbibition
-
high density
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
An acid is a substance that
Respuesta
-
increases the hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution
-
is a versatile solvent
-
forms covalent bonds with other substances
-
contains hydrogen
-
reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
The element present in all organic molecules is ____.
Respuesta
-
oxygen
-
carbon
-
hydrogen
-
nitrogen
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to _____.
Respuesta
-
the chemical versatility of carbon atoms
-
the variety of rare elements in organic molecules
-
the diverse bonding patterns of nitrogen
-
their interaction with water
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
Differences among organisms are caused by differences in the _____.
Respuesta
-
sizes of the organic molecules in each organism
-
types of inorganic compounds present in each organism
-
types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism
-
elemental composition from organism to organism
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments supported the hypothesis that ____.
Respuesta
-
life on Earth arose from simple inorganic molecules
-
life on Earth arose from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes
-
the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life
-
organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
Which of the following is true of carbon?
Respuesta
-
it can form both polar and nonpolar bonds
-
it can form a maximum of three covalent bonds with other elements
-
it is highly electronegative
-
it forms only polar molecules
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
Why is carbon so important in biology?
Respuesta
-
It bonds to only a few other elements
-
it can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups
-
it is common element on Earth
-
it has very little electronegativity, making it a good electron donor
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
How many electron pairs does carbon share to complete its valence shell?
Respuesta
-
2
-
3
-
4
-
8
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
A carbon atom is most likely to from what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?
Respuesta
-
ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds
-
ionic
-
covalent
-
hydrogen
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?
Respuesta
-
they have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images
-
they have the same chemical properties
-
they have different molecular formulas
-
they have variations in arrangement around a double bond
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relive inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that ____.
Respuesta
-
have identical chemical formulas but differ in the branching of their carbon skeletons
-
differ in the arrangement of atoms around their double bonds
-
are mirror images of each other
-
differ in the location of their double bonds
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of cabon atoms, but with one or more double bonds, will ____.
Respuesta
-
be more flexible in structure
-
be more constrained in structure
-
be more polar
-
have more hydrogen atoms
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
Organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms cannot ____.
Respuesta
-
have different combinations of double bonds between carbon atoms
-
have different positions of double bonds between carbons atoms
-
form enantiomers
-
have a branching carbon skeleton
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
Thalidomide and L-dopa, shown below are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that _____.
Respuesta
-
are mirror images of one another
-
are mirror images of one another and have the same biological activity
-
are cis-trans isomers
-
have identical three-dimensional shapes
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
Which of the functional groups below acts most like an acid in water?
Respuesta
-
amino
-
carbonyl
-
carboxyl
-
hydroxyl
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?
Respuesta
-
carbonyl and amino groups
-
hydroxyl and carboxyl groups
-
carboxyl and amino groups
-
amino and sulfhydryl groups
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?
Respuesta
-
carboxyl
-
phosphate
-
amino
-
carbonyl
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
Which chemical group can act as an acid?
Respuesta
-
methyl
-
carboxyl
-
carbonyl
-
amino
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure below?
Respuesta
-
aldehyde
-
carbonyl
-
ketone
-
carboxyl
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
Which molecule shown above contains an amino functional group, but is NOT an amino acid?
Respuesta
-
A
-
B
-
C
-
D
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
Which of the following is a FALSE statement concerning amino groups? Amino groups ____.
Respuesta
-
are nonpolar
-
are basic with respect to pH
-
are found in amino acids
-
contain nitrogen
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
Form = Function
Respuesta
-
True
-
False
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?
Respuesta
-
the temperature decreased from 20 °C to 15 °C
-
the plant's height is 25 centimeters (cm)
-
the six pairs of robins hatched an average of three chicks
-
the contents of the stomach are mixed every 20 seconds
-
the fish swam in a zigzag motion
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
What is the pH of a neutral aqueous solution?
Respuesta
-
8
-
7
-
6
-
5
-
4
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into
Respuesta
-
carbon dioxide and water
-
kinetic energy
-
oxygen
-
the energy of motion
-
the potential energy of chemical bonds
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. the increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of regulation?
Respuesta
-
a bioinformatics system
-
positive feedback
-
negative feedback
-
feedback inhibition
-
enzymatic catalysis
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