35191143
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Tiščoča (Squeezing) chest pain is characterized by
Respuesta
-
a. ischemic heart disease
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b. pneumonia
-
c. inflammation of the lining of thin
-
d. asthma
-
e. acute tracheitis
-
f. rib fractures
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g. thoracic spine spondylosis
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
a. pleurisy a.) stabbing
b. impairment of the diaphragm b.) radiates in the shoulder
c. spondylosis c.) depends on the movement of
d. tracheitis d.) Opressive
e. fracture of the rib e.) depends on the pressure
La combinación correcta es 1[blank_start]A[blank_end], 2[blank_start]B[blank_end], 3[blank_start]C[blank_end], 4[blank_start]D[blank_end], 5[blank_start]E[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
A
-
B
-
C
-
D
-
E
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
3. What is characteristic of pain in diaphragmatic pleuritis skirt?
Respuesta
-
a. radiates into the shoulder
-
b. depends on the movement of the
-
c. depends on the pressure
-
Opressive
-
e. stabbing
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
4. What is characteristic of pain in tracheitis?
Respuesta
-
a. radiates into the shoulder
-
b. depends on the movement of the
-
c. depends on the pressure
-
d. opressive
-
e. stabbing
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
5. Cough is the most common symptom of lung disease. Connect timeline cough with the most likely diagnosis:
Respuesta
-
a. asthma: night cough; smoking bronchitis: morning cough; respiratory infection: coughing throughout the day;
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b. asthma: night cough; smoker's bronchitis: cough throughout the day; respiratory infection: a morning cough;
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c. asthma: morning cough; smoker's bronchitis: night cough; respiratory infection: coughing throughout the day;
-
d. asthma: morning cough; smoker's bronchitis: respiratory infection: coughing throughout the day; night cough;
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e. asthma: coughing throughout the day; smoking bronchitis: morning cough; respiratory infection: night cough;
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
6. Common causes of chronic cough are:
Respuesta
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a. chronic rhinitis, swelling of mucus in the throat, asthma, gastro-oesophageal reflux and smoking bronchitis
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b. lung cancer, asbestosis, extrinsic allergic bonhiolitis, ARDS
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c. silicosis, lung amiodaronska, foreign body aspiration,
-
d. pulmonary vasculitis, cystic fibrosis, acute myocardial infarction
-
e. obstructive apnea during sleep, hiperventilacijski syndrome kifoskolioza
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
7. Which the product may have the side effect of chronic non-productive cough:
Respuesta
-
a. converting inhibitors of angiotensin
-
b. inhibitors of angiotensin (sartans)
-
c. renin inhibitors
-
d. COX-2
-
e. agonists, beta-blockers
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
8. When a patient sputum noticed a trail of blood:
Respuesta
-
a. We are talking about hemoptoi
-
b. We are talking about hemoptysis
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c. We are talking about haematochezia
-
d. in the first instance we think of the lung, pulmonary infarction or tuberculosis
-
e. first and foremost think of Goodpasture's syndrome or hemophilia
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
9. Where diseases would expect haemoptysis?
Respuesta
-
a. bronchiectasis
-
b. lung cancer
-
c. pulmonary infarction
-
d. kifoskolioza
-
e. obstructive apnea during sleep
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
10. Where diseases would expect haemoptysis?
Respuesta
-
a. pneumonia
-
b. lung cancer
-
c. pulmonary vasculitis
-
d. kifoskolioza
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e. hiperventilacijski syndrome
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Where diseases would expect haemoptysis?
Respuesta
-
a. cardiogenic pulmonary edema
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b. Goodpasture syndrome
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c. lung cancer
-
d. asthma
-
e. sarcoidosis
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
12. The patient has haemoptysis. Let's do a chest X-ray, which does not look convincing pathological changes. Who should be the next test?
Respuesta
-
a. hemogram
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b. bronchoscopy
-
c. CT HD
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d. bronchial artery angiography
-
e. lung imaging with magnetic resonance imaging
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
How to treat a patient with lung abscess, which is suddenly coughed 250 ml of blood, and the patient was hemodynamically managed to temporarily stabilize?
Respuesta
-
a. do angiography bronchial arteries and emboliziramo bleeding artery
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b. the patient begins treatment with antitussives, so as not to cough, because if the patient will not be coughed hemoptoa will not be repeated
-
c. the patient treated by the epsilon-amino acid kaproično
-
d. increasing the dose of antibiotics
-
e. administered ACE inhibitor in order to reduce the pressure in the bronchial arteries
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Wheezing, which is pronounced expiratory, probably due to obstruction:
Respuesta
-
a. nose
-
b. throat
-
c. in the trachea
-
d. the bronchus
-
e. the bronchioles
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
15. Wheezing, which is more pronounced during inhalation, probably due to obstruction:
Respuesta
-
a. throat
-
b. in the trachea
-
c. the bronchus
-
d. the bronchioles
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
16. Dyspnea is a description of:
Respuesta
-
a. faster and deeper breathing
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b. breathing using the auxiliary breathing muscles
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c. a feeling of lack of air
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d. tightness in the chest
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e. snoring
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
The reasons for dyspnea may include
Respuesta
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a. lung disease
-
b. heart disease
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c. anemia
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d. psyche
-
e. high blood sugar
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
18. The diagnosis of dyspnea set if:
Respuesta
-
a. the patient said that heavy breathing
-
b. measuring the respiratory rate over 20 per minute
-
c. we see that the patient has a barrel shaped chest
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d. ECG figure denivelacijo ST segment
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e. in gas analysis of arterial blood figure decreased partial pressure of oxygen, and reduced saturation of the blood with oxygen
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
19. For dyspnea in lung disease is characterized by:
Respuesta
-
a. pronounced is stationary, the physical activity disappears
-
b. more marked in the sitting and in the prone position
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c. patient describes to him to breath air not come far enough into the lungs
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d. respiratory rate is small (less than 12 ppm), because in this way the patient easier and breathed his last air in the lungs
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e. It intensifies when physical exertion
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
20. Where the disease is dyspnea begins suddenly, in minutes?
Respuesta
-
a. spontaneous pneumothorax
-
b. hyperventilating syndrome
-
c. lung cancer
-
d. COPD
-
e. sarcoidosis
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Where the disease is dyspnea begins gradually intensifies in the weeks or months?
Respuesta
-
a. spontaneous pneumothorax
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b. hiperventilating syndrome
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c. lung cancer
-
d. COPD
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e. sarcoidosis
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
With any of these investigations it is most useful to begin the diagnostic process in redistribution (predeljavanju) cause dyspnea, which lasts a few months?
Respuesta
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a. spirometry
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b. ECG
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c. bronchoscopy
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d. Arterial blood gas measurements
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e. Measurements of blood pressure
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
The most common among respiratory diseases are:
Respuesta
-
a. lung cancer
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b. viral and bacterial infections
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c. asthma
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d. congenital anomalies mucociliary apparatus
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e. pulmonary fibrosis
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
24. Three common causes of death due to lung disease in the population are:
Respuesta
-
a. tuberculosis, asthma, pneumoconiosis
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b. lung cancer, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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c. sarcoidosis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
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d. pneumothorax, asbestosis, pulmonary embolism
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e. pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, sarcoidosis
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
What data history is important to define harmful effects of smoking?
Respuesta
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a. or smokes a filter cigarette without the filter, a cigar, a pipe
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b. how many cigarettes smoked per day
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c. many years trough (the smoke)
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d. How many years ago it was to stop smoking
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
26. What diseases have an important genetic basis?
Respuesta
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a. asthma
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b. asbestosis
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c. cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis)
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d. COPD
-
e. pneumonia
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f. alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
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g. tuberculosis
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
For spirometry applies:
Respuesta
-
a. Spirometry specimen at a maximum and then breathed all the air breathed his last in a spirometer
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b. most healthy people with a force exhale and breathed his last at least 70% of vital capacity in the first second
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c. Spirometry is conveniently carried out when the two best curve FVC does not differ by more than 3%
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d. by spirometry can determine if lung function is normal and whether the patient has obstructive ventilation disorder, we can not reliably confirm restrictive ventilator disorders
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
28. Bronchodilator test:
Respuesta
-
a. do it, when, in spirometry determine that a patient has obstructive disorder ventilation
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b. the patient breathes bronchodilator, the standard is 400 micrograms salbutamol
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c. spirometry repeated over 20 minutes
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d. the test is positive, when normalized FEV1
-
e. the test is positive when the FEV1 had increased by at least 12% and at the same time for at least 200 ml
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
29. Bronhodilatator test done when the spirometry determine that a patient has obstructive disorder ventilation.
Respuesta
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a. The patient breathes bronchodilator, the standard is 400 micrograms salbutamol. Spirometry repeated over 20 minutes.
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b. The patient breathes 2 milligrams of methacholine. Spirometry repeated over 20 minutes.
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c. Patient 2 weeks of receipt of 32 mg methylprednisolone is then repeated spirometry
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d. Patient 1 month of receipt of the inhaled glucocorticoid, then repeat spirometry
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e. Patient charge on cycloergometer then repeating spirometry
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Bronhodilatator test done when a patient is in spirometry:
Respuesta
-
a. reduced vital capacity
-
b. reduced FEV1
-
c. reduced Tiffeneau index
-
d. poorly reproducible curves
-
e. so severe cough that spirometry without bronchodilator inhalations can not do
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Bronchial Challenge test with methacholine:
Respuesta
-
a. It measures bronchial responsiveness (sensibilidad)
-
b. do when it is suspected to asthma, the patient has a normal spirometry
-
c. do when it is suspected to asthma, the patient has a severe obstructive disorder ventilation and negative bronhodilatator test
-
d. if positive, the diagnosis of asthma is unlikely
-
e. if negative, the diagnosis of asthma is unlikely
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
The measurement of the maximum expiratory flow (PEF) were used:
Respuesta
-
a. instead of spirometry, if we do not have spirometry
-
b. that with serial measurements of track activity of asthma
-
c. for the separation of obstructive and restrictive disorders ventilation
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d. to distinguish between an obstruction in the large and small airways
-
e. for determining the saturation of the arterial blood oxygen
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
33. Body plethysmography is essential if we are to make a diagnosis:
Respuesta
-
a. obstructive disorders of ventilation
-
b. restrictive disorders ventilation
-
c. reversible disturbance ventilation
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d. hyperventilation syndrome
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e. disorders of diffusion of gases through the membrane alveolocapillary
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
The body plethysmography can be measured:
Respuesta
-
a. full lung capacity
-
b. residual volume
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c. airway resistance
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d. maximum airflow during forced exhalation
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e. surface alveolocapilar menbrane
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
35. The transthoracic lung ultrasound examination can determine:
Respuesta
-
a. embolism in the pulmonary artery
-
b. lying central tumor
-
c. pleural effusion
-
d. bronchial obstruction
-
e. foreign body in bronhu
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
36. The value of the nitric oxide in exhaled air (one):
Respuesta
-
a. It indicates the degree of inflammation in the airways.
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b. It indicates the degree of airway obstruction.
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c. if higher than 30 ppb, the diagnosis of asthma reliable.
-
d. inhaled glucocorticoids decreases the value of one.
-
e. values one less than 30 ppb reliably exclude the diagnosis of asthma.
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
How should the patient inhaled bronchodilator spray from the pressurized gas?
Respuesta
-
a. before using the spray to open the cover spray
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b. spray to launch 1-2 seconds before the breath
-
c. breath should be slow (it takes seconds to 5)
-
d. after a deep breath, the patient should retain your breath for 10 seconds
-
e. by inhalation to the patient as quickly as possible and breathed his last
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
38. Foreign bodies in the airway:
Respuesta
-
a. They tend to fall into the bronchus of the left upper lobe
-
b. more common in children and people who have swallowing problems
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c. Diagnosis is simple, because the foreign body well seen on chest x-ray
-
d. They can cause chronic pneumonia
-
e. usually have to be removed by surgery (lobectomy or even pulmectomy)
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
39. The diagnosis of "chronic bronchitis" set:
Respuesta
-
a. when the patient coughs and coughs up most days for at least three months a year for 2 years in a row
-
b. if the spirometry figure obstructive disorder ventilation
-
c. only smoker of cigarettes
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
40. What are the arguments of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are correct?
Respuesta
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a. COPD is the common cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries.
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b. COPD is never develops in nekadilcu.
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c. For COPD is suffering from at least 50% of smokers.
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d. The best known genetic risk factor for COPD is a hereditary deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin.
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e. Passive smoking is a risk factor for development of COPD.
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
41. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) applies:
Respuesta
-
a. In lung function to detect respiratory obstruction, which may be partially reversible, diffusion lung capacity is normal or reduced.
-
b. On rtg p / c are significantly narrowed intercostal spaces, flattened diaphragm and gentle retikulonodularne crowding.
-
c. Very important is the history of smoking.
-
d. It is a great help in the diagnosis we methacholine test.
-
e. Auscultatory is characterized by impaired breathing prolonged exhalation.
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
42. In physical examination, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we find:
Respuesta
-
a. sunken chest
-
b. rapid breathing part exhale
-
c. reduced sound perkutorni
-
d. low frequency poke in early inhaling
-
e. beeps that are pronounced during inhalation
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
43. In physical examination, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we find:
Respuesta
-
a. Barrel chest
-
b. breathing with lip recommend
-
c. hypersonorous percutaneous sound
-
d. low frequency poke in early inhaling
-
e. beeps that are pronounced expiratory
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
44. In physical examination, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we find:
Respuesta
-
a. Barrel chest
-
b. low deposited diaphragm
-
c. breathing prolonged expiratory
-
d. hypersonorous percutaneous sound
-
e. beeps that are pronounced during inhalation
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
45. What is the essential functional test for the diagnosis of COPD?
Respuesta
-
a. X-ray chest
-
b. ECG
-
c. Ultrasound examination of heart and lungs
-
d. spirometry
-
e. bronchoscopy
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
46. What are the significant changes in lung function of COPD patients?
Respuesta
-
a. vital capacity (VC) is a normal or reduced
-
b. the flow in the first second (FEV1), and the ratio of FEV1 / VC were reduced
-
c. lung function returns to normal after inhalation of a bronchodilator
-
d. reduced both the diffusing capacity for CO as well as the residual volume
-
e. increased the total lung capacity
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
47. In the treatment of COPD subject:
Respuesta
-
a. recommend smoking cessation
-
b. basic drug is a glucocorticoid and the inhalation by the patient receives regularly, the problem could be added bronchodilator "the occasion should arise"
-
c. among the most effective bronchodilators parasympatholytic
-
d. at doses of methylxanthines (theophylline) save the optimum plasma drug concentration
-
e. winter patients receiving prophylactic antibiotic to prevent worsening of the disease due to possible infection
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
For the treatment of COPD subject:
Respuesta
-
a. Inhaled glucocorticoids are the drug of choice in all stages of COPD.
-
b. The combination of sympathomimetics and anticholinergics effectively improves FEV1 than either medicine alone.
-
c. In women dominated emphysema, and women with COPD should not be prescribed bronchodilators.
-
d. Frequent exacerbations of COPD needed continuous treatment with oral glucocorticoids.
-
e. In any deterioration of COPD is necessary antibiotic treatment.
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Common causes of deterioration of dyspnoea in patients with COPD have all except:
Respuesta
-
a. viral respiratory infection
-
b. pulmonary embolism
-
c. smoking cessation
-
d. heart failure
-
e. bacterial respiratory infection
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
What are the common causes of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease because of purulent bronchitis?
Respuesta
-
a. staphylococci
-
b. chlamydia and mycoplasma pneumonia
-
c. pseudomonal
-
d. Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza and branhamela catarrhalis
-
e. tuberculosis bacillus
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
51. Reasons for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are:
Respuesta
-
a. viral infection, bacterial infection or pollution of the air
-
b. infection with chlamydia or mycoplasma pneumonia
-
c. exposure to pollen or mite
-
d. lack of physical activity
-
e. tuberculosis bacillus
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
52. The degree of deterioration of COPD is defined on the basis of:
Respuesta
-
a. degree of dyspnea, and fever
-
b. degree of dyspnea, nature and intensity of the cough, the amount and color of sputum
-
c. spirometry
-
d. X-ray changes
-
e. auscultatory findings of the lungs
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
53. Syndrome immobile chilli (primary ciliary dyskinesia) may be manifested by:
Respuesta
-
a. bronchiectasis
-
b. sinusitis
-
c. infertility
-
d. situs inversus viscerum
-
e. early pattern baldness
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Asthma
Respuesta
-
a. any disease in which the patient indicates periodic damping
-
b. disease, which is characterized by an increased resistance in the bronchioles
-
c. chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial mucosa
-
d. bacterial infection of the lungs
-
e. the result of cigarette smoking
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
For asthma following applies:
Respuesta
-
a. When a diagnosis is in addition to the history and clinical examination of great help to the measurement of lung function.
-
b. The diagnosis can be set on the basis of X-ray images.
-
c. Nitric oxide in exhaled air is in a disordered asthma usually increased.
-
d. The most characteristic symptoms are gnojav scum and morning cough.
-
e. It is usually detected in patients older than 50 years.
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
56. For asthma following applies:
Respuesta
-
a. It is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways.
-
b. It is primarily a disease of the small airways (bronhiolov).
-
c. There is airway obstruction is irreversible.
-
d. The most important role in the pathogenesis of a Th1 lymphocytes, neutrophils and interleukin eighth
-
e. The most important medicine are agonists, beta-2 adrenergic receptor, which in most asthmatics achieve good regulation of the disease.
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
What are the characteristics of asthma?
Respuesta
-
a. shortness of breath
-
b. tightness in chest
-
c. cough
-
d. expectoration of purulent sputum
-
e. Fever
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
58. What are the symptoms of asthma?
Respuesta
-
a. poki of the lungs, a baseline in the second half of exhalation
-
b. stridor
-
c. poki in začeku inspiratory and expiratory polyphonic beeps
-
d. Many monophonic high-frequency beeps expiratory
-
e. sinistroepigastrične pulsation
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
59. Symptomatology of asthma is more pronounced:
Respuesta
-
a. at night and in the early morning hours
-
b. after physical exertion
-
c. after inhalation of the allergen
-
d. before noon
-
e. immediately after meals
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Airway remodeling in asthma:
Respuesta
-
a. It is the result of chronic asthmatic inflammation.
-
b. In particular, small bronchus and bronchioli narrowed due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of smooth muscle.
-
c. Due to chronic inflammation, the thickening of the basal membrane of the lining of the trachea and large bronchi and therefore greatly increases the airway resistance.
-
d. In lung function continues to measure the complete reversibility after bronchodilator
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
61. What are the significant changes in lung function of patients with asthma (at a time when the symptoms)?
Respuesta
-
a. vital capacity (VC) is a normal or reduced
-
b. the flow in the first second (FEV1), and the ratio of FEV1 / VC were reduced
-
c. lung function significantly improved after inhalation of a bronchodilator
-
d. decreased diffusing capacity for CO
-
e. reduced total lung capacity
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
62. Methacholine test:
Respuesta
-
a. If it is positive, the diagnosis of asthma reliable.
-
b. If it is negative, with very high probability excludes asthma.
-
c. Is positive if the detected at least a 15% decrease in FEV 1 after inhalation of 8 mg methacholine.
-
d. It can be positive for allergic rhinitis, or respiratory infections.
-
e. With the introduction of the measurement of nitric oxide in exhaled air it has become unnecessary.
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
63. A feature of asthma has increased bronchial responsiveness. How it is measured?
Respuesta
-
a. the ratio between the vital capacity and the flow rate in the first second (FEV 1 / VC)
-
b. by measuring the diffusion capacity of CO
-
c. by measuring the residual volume
-
d. with methacholine test
-
e. with a concentration of nitric oxide in exhaled air
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
64. In the case of suspected asthma do methacholine test:
Respuesta
-
a. where the patient has severe obstruction (Tieffeneau index below 50%)
-
b. when the obstruction persists for inhaled bronchodilators
-
c. still, because without this test, the diagnosis of asthma can not lay
-
d. when the patient's history of suspected pulmonary function is normal
-
e. when the patient can not teach measurements of pulmonary flow to the PEF meter
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
65. In the treatment of asthma:
Respuesta
-
a. We recommend the removal of allergens from the living environment
-
b. basic medicine is inhaled glucocorticoid in
-
c. among the most effective bronchodilators beta adrenergic agonist
-
d. bronchodilator as a rule used in the form of tablets
-
e. the majority of patients receiving theophylline
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
The most powerful bronchodilator, which is used in the treatment of asthma exacerbation, is:
Respuesta
-
a. inhaled glucocorticoid
-
b. beta-adrenergic agonist
-
c. parasimpatikolitic
-
d. theophylline
-
e. cyclosporine
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Characteristics of aspirin asthma are:
Respuesta
-
a. It occurs in more than half of asthmatics.
-
b. These patients easily tolerate NSAIDs.
-
c. Ingestion of acetylsalicylic acid, the patient can trigger a life-threatening asthma exacerbation.
-
d. Patients with aspirin intolerance often have nasal polyps.
-
e. Any patient with asthma, it must immediately upon diagnosis of asthma prohibit the use of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and all NSAIDs.
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
What are the possible side effects of agonists, beta-2 adrenergic receptor when used from the spray at the recommended dosage?
Respuesta
-
a. tachycardia
-
b. bradycardia
-
c. hypotension
-
d. hypertension
-
e. hypokalemia
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
69. Which statement about theophylline is correct?
Respuesta
-
a. It has a powerful effect bronhodilatatorni.
-
b. It is optional bronchodilator / anti-inflammatory drug for asthma.
-
c. It can cause dangerous heart rhythm disorder
-
d. No significant side effects.
-
e. The most appropriate serum levels are between 10 and 550 mol / l.
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
70. The medicine of the initial anti-inflammatory treatment of asthma:
Respuesta
-
a. inhaled glucocorticoid
-
a. short-acting beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist
-
c. aminophylline
-
d. an inhibitor of beta-blockers
-
e. combination antilevkotriena, inhaled glucocorticoid and long-acting beta-2 agonist-blockers
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
71. Among the reasons for the worsening of asthma does not belong:
Respuesta
-
a. viral respiratory infection
-
b. exposure to an allergen
-
c. pneumothorax
-
d. exposure to cigarette smoke
-
e. insufficient doses of inhaled glucocorticoid
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
What are the clinical and laboratory signs of very severe exacerbations of asthma?
Respuesta
-
a. loud beeps of the lungs
-
b. silent chest
-
c. a reduced partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood
-
d. normal or increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood
-
e. flow (PEF or FEV1) below 30% of normal
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
73. In difficult exacerbation of asthma:
Respuesta
-
a. We should not give oxygen, because this would lead to brake respiratory center.
-
b. We must administer oxygen to 1 L / min through a nasal catheter.
-
c. Give oxygen through a mask at least 35%.
-
d. From acting bronchodilators is the strongest theophylline infusion.
-
e. Anticholinergic agents act synergistically with the beta adrenergic agonist in inhalation.
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
74. The difficult asthma exacerbation applies:
Respuesta
-
a. The basic medicament is a beta-2 adrenergic receptors (up to 1 breath / minute) of the spray through a large nozzle.
-
b. Oxygen can be added, if saturation is over 88%, because we are afraid to hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis.
-
c. Treated with systemic glucocorticoid, usually methylprednisolone, at a dose of 32-128 mg on the first day.
-
d. Aminophylline is used only in life-threatening deterioration.
-
e. Prior to initiation of therapy with bronchodilators have to be performed RTG p / c imaging.
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
75. To assess exacerbations of asthma are key:
Respuesta
-
a. history, status and spirometry
-
b. X-ray of the lungs
-
c. history, status and blood counts
-
d. investigation of induced sputum
-
e. measuring diffusion capacity of the lungs
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
76. In the intensive care unit treated a patient with asthma if:
Respuesta
-
a. require relatives
-
b. It has signs of impending respiratory failure
-
c. confused
-
d. Hypoxemia is inferior, or. It is generated after the initial treatment of hypercapnia
-
e. the febrile
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (mycosis):
Respuesta
-
a. as indicated by the clinical picture of severe pneumonia
-
b. It is indicated by the clinical picture of severe asthma
-
c. in the blood of these patients are found IgE and IgG aspergilusu (fungi)
-
d. for a disease characterized by central bronchiectasis
-
e. disease is cured with antifungal agents
-
f. rule, the patients in need of treatment with systemic glucocorticoids
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
What is true for lung cancer:
Respuesta
-
a. In humans, smoking a 20 years after the pack of cigarettes a day, is the risk of developing lung cancer, at least 20 times increased.
-
b. At higher index pack-year reduces the frequency of mutation of the p53 protein, which is responsible for apoptosis in the defective cells.
-
c. Environmental factors that influence the development of lung cancer, asbestos, radon, arsenic, beryllium, nickel, chromium.
-
d. Exposure to asbestos and smoking at the same time increases the risk of developing lung cancer by 7 times.
-
e. Lung cancer never develops in nekadilcu.
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
79. Lung tumors are:
Respuesta
-
a. mostly benign
-
b. more common in women than in men
-
c. It is mainly a disease of smokers
-
d. common in people exposed to asbestos
-
e. very rare malignant disease
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
80. A typical presentation of lung cancer:
Respuesta
-
a. recurrent pneumonia in the same place
-
b. recurrent pneumonia in different places
-
c. bilateral pneumonia
-
d. lung abscess
-
e. sepsis
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
For lung cancer, holds:
Respuesta
-
a. The most common early symptom is coughing up blood.
-
b. It appears exclusively in smokers.
-
c. If it is localized in the large airways may occur inspiratorni stridor.
-
d. Hoarseness can be a sign of pressure with lymph node metastases seized on the left return laryngeal nerve.
-
e. Horner's syndrome is the result of pressure of the tumor on the upper hollow vein.
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
Syndrome above the vein of coffee:
Respuesta
-
a. swelling of the neck, face and upper extremities due to pressure from swollen glands in the external jugular vein
-
b. are swollen veins in the neck and upper chest,
-
c. most often a sign of lung cancer
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
Individual symptoms Noting that lung cancer present in more than half of the patients:
Respuesta
-
a. dyspnoea
-
b. cough
-
c. haemoptysis
-
d. bone
-
e. Weight Loss
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
84. Which of the signs is not present in patients with lung cancer who have Horner syndrome:
Respuesta
-
a. miosis
-
b. Argyll-Robertson pupil
-
c. ptosis
-
d. enoftalmus
-
e. Anhidrosis
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
Which is the most important tests for the diagnosis of lung cancer:
Respuesta
-
a. transthoracic needle biopsy
-
b. cytological examination of sputum
-
c. bronchoscopy
-
d. thoracoscopy
-
e. pleural puncture
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
86. Paraneoplastic syndrome in a patient with lung cancer can be caused by:
Respuesta
-
a. pressure increased metastatic lymph nodes of the upper hollow vein
-
b. due to the pressure of increased metastatic lymph nodes on the left return laryngeal nerve
-
c. tumor metastases in distant organs
-
d. secretion of hormones or similar substances from the cancer cells
-
e. chemotherapy or radiotherapy of the tumor
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
What are the manifestations may be paraneoplastic syndrome in lung cancer?
Respuesta
-
a. betičasti fingers (acropaquia)
-
b. venous thrombosis
-
c. Weight Loss
-
d. Fever
-
e. hypercalcemia
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
88. Diagnostic procedure in suspected lung cancer takes place in the following order:
Respuesta
-
a. history and clinical examination
-
b. Chest X-ray in two projections
-
c. bronchoscopy with collection of material CITO / histological definition
-
d. CT of the chest, upper abdomen and the head
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
How to treat a patient with lung cancer?
Respuesta
-
a. small cell cancer are treated primarily by chemotherapy
-
b. squamous cancer are treated primarily by chemotherapy
-
c. glandular cancer are treated primarily by surgery
-
d. large cell treated primarily by surgery
-
e. small cell cancer are treated primarily by irradiation
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
For the radical operation squamous cancer apikoposteriornega segment of the left upper lobe of the lung, clinical stage T1N0M0:
Respuesta
-
a. it is necessary to remove the left lung
-
b. it is necessary to remove the left upper lung lobe
-
c. it has to be removed apikoposteriorni segment of the left upper lobe of the lung
-
d. it is necessary to remove the left-sided hilusne and mediastinal lymph nodes
-
e. there is no need to remove mediastinal lymph nodes
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
Brain metastases from small cell lung cancer treated:
Respuesta
-
a. with cisplatin-based chemotherapy
-
b. cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and vincristine
-
c. with preventive irradiation head
-
d. by irradiation of the head
-
e. biologics
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
The five-year survival of operated patients with lung cancer in stage IA:
Respuesta
-
a. 3%
-
b. to 10%
-
c. to 20%
-
d. to 20%, but only if the operation is treated again with chemotherapy
-
e. 70-80%
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
At the prognosis of patients with lung cancer is NOT affected by:
Respuesta
-
a. stage
-
b. histological type of cancer
-
c. neuroendocrine tumor differentiation
-
d. general condition of the patient
-
e. involvement of lymph nodes in the lungs and medistinum
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
94. The X-ray definition round changes in the lungs as anything except:
Respuesta
-
a. size of up to 3 cm in diameter
-
b. touching the mediastinum
-
c. no enlarged lymph nodes
-
d. no atelectasis
-
e. no pleural effusion
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
Solitary round change (lesion):
Respuesta
-
a. the diameter is greater than 3 cm
-
b. It is clearly limited
-
c. It is not in contact with the structures of the chest wall, mediastinum, diaphragm
-
d. It may not have the thorny growths
-
e. We mostly discovered accidentally
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
96. What about the argument carcinoid lungs are correct:
Respuesta
-
a. The five-year survival of patients with lung typical karcinoidom is below 40%.
-
b. Half of the patients was detected lung carcinoid no symptoms.
-
c. Most patients with lung karcinoidom the carcinoid syndrome.
-
d. Dyspnoea and haemoptysis are the result of growth in carcinoid large airways.
-
e. Carcinoid when biopsy is often strong pain.
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
What is a "secondary pneumonia '?
Respuesta
-
a. Other pneumonia in life
-
b. recurrence of pneumonia which occurs in a patient, which is also in the phase of convalescence after pneumonia
-
c. pneumonia, which occurs in a patient who has just got over an acute illness
-
d. pneumonia, which occurs in a patient with another disease, which facilitates the formation of pneumonia (bronchial tumor, bronchiectasis, foreign body, treatment with immunosuppressants, immune deficiency)
-
Pneumonia is less important than the other diseases the patient has
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
98. Conditions that promote colonization of the respiratory tract by Gram-negative bacteria:
Respuesta
-
a. diabetes
-
b. bronchiectasis
-
c. smoking
-
d. antibiotics
-
e. bronchodilator therapy
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
Typical clinical picture of bacterial pneumonia:
Respuesta
-
a. start is slow, with few days subfebrilnostjo (temperature up to 38 degrees)
-
b. the patient has fever, bake the eyes
-
c. characterized by pain in skeletal muscle
-
d. It characterized the purulent sputum vermillion
-
e. like runs in the family Epidemic
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
100. In the physical examination of a patient with bacterial pneumonia reženjsko significant figure:
Respuesta
-
a. slow and deep breathing
-
b. shortened chat over ill Flap
-
c. impaired breathing above the diseased Flap
-
d. reinforced pectoral fremitus and bronchophonic over ill Flap
-
e. poke the breath of the ill Flap
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