Quiz 1

Question 1

A hydroxyl group is

Accepted Answer

characteristic of alcohols.

Answer

also called a carbonyl group.

Answer

characteristic of proteins.

Answer

composed of two oxygen atoms.

Question 2

Which of the following is a carboxyl group?

Accepted Answer

-COOH

Answer

-C-O

Answer

-OH

Answer

-NH2

Question 3

Which of the following is an amino group?

Accepted Answer

-NH2

Answer

-OH

Answer

-COOH

Answer

-CO

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis.

Answer

Cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common monomers and a few other ingredients that are rare.

Answer

The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal.

Answer

Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers.

Question 5

The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by

Accepted Answer

hydrolysis.

Answer

condensation.

Answer

polymerization.

Answer

the addition of an amino group.

Question 6

A molecule with the formula C55H110O55 is probably a(n)

Accepted Answer

polysaccharide.

Answer

oil.

Answer

steroid.

Answer

protein.

Question 7

Cellulose differs from starch in that

Accepted Answer

most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested.

Answer

starch is formed by plants and cellulose by animals.

Answer

starch is made of glucose monomers, whereas cellulose is made of fructose monomers.

Answer

cellulose is highly branched, whereas starch is unbranched.

Question 8

Foods that are high in fiber are most likely derived from

Accepted Answer

plants.

Answer

dairy products.

Answer

red meats.

Answer

fish.

Question 9

The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants.

Accepted Answer

glycogen; starch

Answer

starch; glycogen

Answer

cellulose; glycogen

Answer

glycogen; cellulose

Question 10

Which of the following organisms contain the polysaccharide chitin?

Accepted Answer

fungi and insects

Answer

animals and plants

Answer

plants and bacteria

Answer

insects and plants

Question 11

An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by

Accepted Answer

adding hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.

Answer

removing water, causing a dehydration synthesis reaction to occur.

Answer

removing hydrogens, increasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.

Answer

cooling it, so that double bonds form and the fats solidify.

Question 12

A diet high in animal products and hydrogenated vegetable margarine may increase the risk for atherosclerosis. This is because

Accepted Answer

most animal fats are saturated and many hydrogenated vegetable margarines contain high levels of trans fats.

Answer

most animal fats are unsaturated and most hydrogenated vegetable margarines contain high levels of steroids.

Answer

most hydrogenated vegetable margarines are hydrogenated oils and most animal products contain high levels of phospholipids.

Answer

most animal fats are used for energy storage and most hydrogenated vegetable margarines contain high levels of unsaturated fats.

Question 13

What feature of fats makes them hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

Fats have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains.

Answer

Fats have carboxyl groups.

Answer

Fats include one glycerol molecule.

Answer

Fats have polar fatty acids.

Question 14

If you were to add olive oil to your food as part of a diet to lower your risk of atherosclerotic disease, you would use olive oil that

Accepted Answer

is liquid at room temperature.

Answer

is hydrogenated.

Answer

is modified to be solid at room temperature.

Answer

has lard added to it.

Question 15

Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by

Accepted Answer

the chemical properties of their R groups.

Answer

the number of R groups found on the amino acid molecules.

Answer

the type of bond between the R group and the rest of the amino acid molecule.

Answer

the chemical properties of their amino and carboxyl groups.

Question 16

Glucose molecules are to starch as ________ are to proteins.

Accepted Answer

amino acids

Answer

oils

Answer

fatty acids

Answer

monosaccharides

Question 17

Proteins cannot be denatured by

Accepted Answer

freezing.

Answer

heat.

Answer

changes in pH.

Answer

changes in salt concentration.

Question 18

How are genes used by cells to build proteins?

Accepted Answer

The genes in DNA direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule, which is used to build a protein.

Answer

The genes in RNA direct the synthesis of a DNA molecule, which is used to build a protein.

Answer

DNA is transcribed into an amino acid sequence.

Answer

The genes in RNA direct the synthesis of proteins directly.

Question 19

Which of the following options correctly pairs a polymer and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

DNA, nucleotides

Answer

cellulose, amino acids

Answer

collagen, nucleic acids

Answer

RNA, ribose

Question 20

You work for a company that manufactures food products. A new "wonder food" is being distributed by a rival company. The researchers in your company determine that the "wonder food" contains only carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. At this point, your researchers can say with certainty that the food

Accepted Answer

does not include proteins or nucleic acids.

Answer

includes proteins.

Answer

could only be made of triglycerides.

Answer

could only be made of carbohydrates.

Question 21

If you ate a 100% plant-based (vegan) diet, what molecule would you never eat?

Accepted Answer

cholesterol

Answer

starch

Answer

cellulose

Answer

phospholipids

Question 22

Which meal is high in fiber, low in saturated fats, and high in unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

a bowl of spaghetti tossed with olive oil, artichokes, and broccoli

Answer

a rib eye steak, mashed potatoes, and side salad with ranch dressing

Answer

a plate of scrambled eggs with a side of cottage cheese

Answer

a black bean, cheese, lettuce, and sour cream burrito in a flour tortilla

Question 23

You identify a molecule in a pizza that is a polymer; has oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur atoms; and is hydrophilic. What kind of molecule is it?

Accepted Answer

protein

Answer

carbohydrate

Answer

nucleic acid

Answer

lipid

Question 24

Suppose that an adult black bear adds 50 pounds of fat in order to survive while hibernating through the winter. How much glycogen would a bear have to add to achieve a similar feat?

Accepted Answer

100 pounds

Answer

25 pounds

Answer

50 pounds

Answer

75 pounds

Question 25

You have a cup of vegetable oil and a vial full of normal phospholipids. What would you predict would happen if you dropped the phospholipids into the cup of vegetable oil?

Accepted Answer

The phospholipids would form a sphere with the heads on the inside.

Answer

The phospholipids would form a sphere with the tails on the inside.

Answer

The phospholipids would float on the surface of the oil with the tails in the air.

Answer

The phospholipids would float on the surface of the oil with the heads in the air.

Question 26

What is the complementary sequence to the DNA strand TCGATGG?

Accepted Answer

AGCTACC

Answer

TCGATGG

Answer

GGTAGCT

Answer

AGCUACC

Question 27

Myosin is a contractile protein found in muscles that is composed of three pairs of subunits, two heavy chains, and two pairs of two different types of light chains, for a total of six subunits. Myosin contains what level(s) of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Answer

primary

Answer

primary and secondary

Answer

primary, secondary, and tertiary

Question 28

These two molecules are structural isomers. What is the difference between them?

Accepted Answer

the location of a double-bonded oxygen atom

Answer

the number of carbon atoms

Answer

the number of hydrogen atoms

Answer

Only one of them has a double bond between carbon atoms.

Question 29

Below are the structures of three fatty acids, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid. What combination of these fatty acids could you use to make a fat that is liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

one palmitic acid, one stearic acid, and one oleic acid

Answer

three palmitic acids

Answer

two palmitic acids and one stearic acid

Answer

one stearic acid, one oleic acid, and one phosphate group

Question 30

Below is a molecule of caffeine. Which of the following features are not present in a molecule of caffeine?

Accepted Answer

a carboxyl group

Answer

a carbonyl group

Answer

a methyl group

Answer

one or more double bonds

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