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Ch 4 DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Descripción

Biochemistry
Amy Arce
Test por Amy Arce, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Amy Arce
Creado por Amy Arce hace alrededor de 9 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
What is the correct order of the central dogma of gene expression?
Respuesta
  • DNA--> Translation-->RNA--> Transcription-->Protein
  • DNA--> Transcription-->RNA-->Translation-->Protein
  • RNA-->Transcription-->DNA-->Translation-->Protein
  • RNA-->Translation-->DNA-->Transcription-->Protein

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
What are components of a nucleotide?
Respuesta
  • Sugar
  • Nitrogen containing base
  • Phosphate
  • Carbon

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
RNA and DNA differ in the sugar component of one of the bases
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
What contains the sugar ribose?
Respuesta
  • RNA
  • DNA
  • mRNA
  • tRNA

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Purines are
Respuesta
  • Adenine and Guanine
  • Adenine and Cytosine
  • Guanine and thymine
  • Cytosine and thymine

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Pyrimidines are
Respuesta
  • Adenine and guanine
  • Adenine and thymine
  • Cytosine and adenine
  • Cytosine and thymine

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Nucleic acid sequences are written in what direction?
Respuesta
  • One end has a phosphoryl group attached to the 3'carbon atom of the sugar and one end has a free hydroxyl attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar
  • One end has a phosphoryl group attached to the 5' carbon atom of the sugar and one end has a free hydroxyl attached to the 3' carbon of the sugar

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
A base bound to a sugar is called a [blank_start]nucleoside[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • nucleoside

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
Nucleoside of DNA are
Respuesta
  • Deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and deoxythymidine
  • Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
  • deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytosine, deoxyuracil

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Deoxythymidine, rarely occurs in RNA, simply called thymidine
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
Nucleoside of RNA are
Respuesta
  • deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and deoxythymidine
  • adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, and uridine
  • adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine
  • deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and deoxyuracil

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
A nucleotide is a nucleoside with only 1 phosphoryl group attached
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Nucleotide [blank_start]triphosphates[blank_end] are the building blocks of [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] and [blank_start]RNA[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • triphosphates
  • Adenosine
  • trisugars
  • DNA
  • tRNA
  • mRNA
  • RNA
  • mRNA
  • tRNA

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
DNA molecules are very long some consisting of more than [blank_start]1 billion[blank_end] nucleotides
Respuesta
  • 1 billion

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
The double helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonds and van der Walls interactions
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Adenine always forms hydrogen bonds with [blank_start]thymine[blank_end] while guanine forms hydrogen bonds with [blank_start]cytosine[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • thymine
  • cytosine
  • cytosine
  • thymine

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
The helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between base pairs as well as hydrophobic interactions called
Respuesta
  • stacking forces
  • semiconservative replication
  • Van der Walls interactions

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
Because of the base pair rules, the sequence of one strand determines the sequence of the partner strand
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
Because the two daughter helices have one parent strand one newly synthesized strand, the replication process is called
Respuesta
  • Stacking forces
  • Semiconservative replication
  • Conservative replication
  • DNA polymerase

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
What are the key characteristics of DNA synthesis
Respuesta
  • Four deoxynucleoside triphosphates and Mg2+ are required
  • A template strand is used to direct RNA synthesis
  • A primer from which the new strand grows must be absent
  • Many DNA polymerases have nuclease activity that allows for the removal of mismatched bases

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
Some viruses, such as tobacco mosaic virus, have [blank_start]RNA[blank_end] genomes that are replicated by [blank_start]RNA[blank_end]-directed [blank_start]RNA[blank_end] polymerases
Respuesta
  • RNA
  • RNA
  • RNA

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Retroviruses, such as HIV-1, have single-stranded RNA genomes that are converted into DNA double helices by the action of
Respuesta
  • Transcriptase
  • Translation
  • Reverse transcriptase
  • Reverse translation

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
All cellular RNA is synthesized by RNA polymerases
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template is called translation, a process catalyzed by RNA polymerase
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
RNA polymerase has the following requirements
Respuesta
  • Template
  • The sequence of the newly-synthesized RNA is complementary to the DNA template
  • coding strand
  • Activated precursors in the form of the 4 ribonucleoside
  • Divalent metal ions
  • Base pair

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
RNA polymerase initiates and elongates the RNA product, with the chain growing in the [blank_start]5'[blank_end] to [blank_start]3'[blank_end] direction
Respuesta
  • 5'
  • 3'

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
Several kinds of RNA play a role in gene expression, what are three most abundant classes of RNA
Respuesta
  • Ribosomal RNA
  • Messenger RNA
  • Transfer RNA
  • Translate RNA

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
RNA polymerases take instructions from DNA templates
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
Transcription begins near the [blank_start]promoter[blank_end] sites and ends at [blank_start]terminator[blank_end] sites
Respuesta
  • promoter
  • terminator

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
Promoters are
Respuesta
  • Specific DNA sequences that direct RNA polymerase to the proper initiation site
  • Specific RNA sequences that direct DNA polymerase to the proper initiation site
  • Specific DNA sequences that direct RNA polymerase to the proper terminator site
  • Specific RNA sequences that direct DNA polymerase to the proper terminator site

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
The average of variation in the sequence of a promoter for different genes is called [blank_start]consensus[blank_end] sequence
Respuesta
  • consensus

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
The RNA complement of the DNA stop signal forms a hairpin structure, followed by several thymine residues
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
What is required for transcription termination
Respuesta
  • Protein rho
  • Protein thy
  • Protein gly
  • Protein leu

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
In eukaryotes,
Respuesta
  • The 3' end of mRNA is modified by the attachment of a cap structure while the 5' end acquires a poly(A)tail
  • The 5' end of mRNA is modified by the attachment of a cap structure while the 3' end acquires a poly(A)tail
  • The 5' end of tRNA is modified by the attachment of a cap structure while the 3' end acquires a poly(A)tail
  • The 3' end of tRNA is modified by the attachment of a cap structure while the 5' end acquires a poly(A)tail

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
Transfer RNA molecules react with
Respuesta
  • specific amino acids in a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
  • one amino acids in a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
  • specific amino acids in a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-mRNA synthetases
  • Specific amino acids in a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-rRNA synthetases

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
Transfer RNA molecules also contain a template recognition site, called
Respuesta
  • the anticodon
  • the codon
  • the initiator
  • the terminator

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
Anticodon consist of
Respuesta
  • 2 bases
  • 3 bases
  • complementary 3 base sequence in the rRNA
  • complementary 3 base sequence in the mRNA

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Protein synthesis is the process of translation
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
Characteristics of the genetic code are
Respuesta
  • three nucleotides, called a codon
  • code is overlapping
  • code is nonoverlapping
  • code has punctuation
  • code has no punctuation
  • Code is read from 5' end of the mRNA to the 3' end
  • code is degenerate in that some amino acids are encoded by more than one codon

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
Degeneracy
Respuesta
  • amino acids encoded by 1 codon
  • amino acids encoded by more than 1 codon
  • minimizes deleterious effects of mutations
  • maximizes deleterious effects of mutations

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
Messenger RNA is translated on ribosomes
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
The genetic code is nearly universal
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
Eukaryotic genes are discontinuous
Respuesta
  • with coding regions called exons, interrupted by noncoding regions called introns
  • with noncoding regions called introns, interrupted by coding regions called exons
  • with coding regions called introns, interrupted by noncoding regions called exons
  • with interrupted regions called exons, coding regions called introns

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
Many exons encode
Respuesta
  • protein domains
  • amino acids
  • rRNA

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
Introns almost always begin with GU and end with an AG
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
The gene for the β- chain of human hemoglobin has [blank_start]3[blank_end] exons and [blank_start]2[blank_end] introns
Respuesta
  • 3
  • 2

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
RNA processing generates mature RNA
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
[blank_start]Pre-messeneger[blank_end] RNA contains exons and introns
Respuesta
  • Pre-messeneger
  • tRNA
  • mRNA
  • rRNA
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