38148925
Descripción
Test por Monica Werner, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Monica Werner
hace alrededor de 2 años
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|
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
A mature adult has around ____________ cells.
Respuesta
-
60 Trillion
-
50 Trillion
-
100 Trillion
-
10 Trillion
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
There are [blank_start]300[blank_end] different cell types in a normal human body, however, there are [blank_start]301[blank_end] different cell types in someone who has developed cancer.
Respuesta
-
300
-
301
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Proliferation is used for:
Respuesta
-
Growth
-
Apoptosis
-
Replenishment
-
Necrosis
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
On average, _________ cells die and replenish every second.
Respuesta
-
10 million
-
15 million
-
2 million
-
5 million
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which of these cell types have a "lifetime" longevity?
Respuesta
-
Skin Cells
-
Bone Cells
-
Neurons
-
Muscle Cells
-
Spermatozoa
-
Oocytes
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Match the method of cell death with its definition.
[blank_start]Apoptosis[blank_end] --> The cell agrees to kill itself due to medium damage.
[blank_start]Necrosis[blank_end] --> The cell is killed due to extreme damage.
[blank_start]Senescence[blank_end] --> The cell agrees to stop replicating due to small damage.
Respuesta
-
Necrosis
-
Apoptosis
-
Senescence
-
Apoptosis
-
Necrosis
-
Senescence
-
Senescence
-
Apoptosis
-
Necrosis
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
In the word Apoptosis. "apo" means [blank_start]near[blank_end] and "ptosis" means [blank_start]drooping[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
near
-
drooping
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Organize the differences between Necrosis and Apoptosis.
Necrosis:
- Death of [blank_start]Healthy[blank_end] Cells
- [blank_start]Premature[blank_end] Death
- [blank_start]Lots[blank_end] of chemicals and invading microbes
- Very [blank_start]Fast[blank_end] death
- [blank_start]"Kill and Spill"[blank_end]
- [blank_start]Inflammation[blank_end] Response
Apoptosis:
- Death of [blank_start]Unhealthy[blank_end] Cells
- [blank_start]Natural[blank_end] Death
- [blank_start]Small amounts[blank_end] of chemicals and invading microbes
- Very [blank_start]Slow[blank_end] Death
- [blank_start]"Tag and Bag"[blank_end]
- [blank_start]Minimal[blank_end] Response
Respuesta
-
Healthy
-
Unhealthy
-
Premature
-
Natural
-
Lots
-
Small Amounts
-
Fast
-
Slow
-
"Kill and Spill"
-
"Tag and Bag"
-
Inflammation
-
Minimal
-
Unhealthy
-
Healthy
-
Natural
-
Premature
-
Small amounts
-
Lots
-
Slow
-
Fast
-
"Tag and Bag"
-
"Kill and Spill"
-
Minimal
-
Inflammation
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Old and Damaged cells are replenished by what type of cells?
Respuesta
-
Bone Marrow Cells
-
Stem Cells
-
Blood Cells
-
They are not replenished
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
[blank_start]Stem[blank_end] cells are considered "Immortal".
[blank_start]Progenitor[blank_end] cells are considered "Mortal".
[blank_start]Mature[blank_end] Cells are "Terminal".
Respuesta
-
Stem
-
Progenitor
-
Mature
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
All tissues have stem cells.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Similarities between Stem cells and Tumor Cells include:
Respuesta
-
High Proliferation Rates
-
Potential to Migrate
-
Can remain Quiescent for long periods of time
-
Resistant to Apoptosis
-
Resistant to Toxin Infiltration
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
The most common cause of tumors are genetic changes in DNA.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
[blank_start]Deletions and Duplications[blank_end] change the number of genes which results in excessive or dysfunctional production of proteins.
[blank_start]Mutations[blank_end] result in a change in sequence and function and can be hereditary or acquired over time.
[blank_start]Epigenetic changes[blank_end] happen when something latches onto the gene or DNA sequence changing the functionality
Respuesta
-
Deletions and Duplications
-
Mutations
-
Epigenetic Changes
-
Mutations
-
Deletions and Dupications
-
Epigenetic Changes
-
Epigenetic changes
-
Mutations
-
Deletions and Duplications
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
If someone does not have Cancer, they do not have any tumor causing mutations within their DNA.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Mutations can be Inherited or Acquired over time.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
[blank_start]Malignant Tumors[blank_end] spread to other tissues while [blank_start]Benign Tumors[blank_end] remain within a specific connective tissue area.
Respuesta
-
Malignant Tumors
-
Benign Tumors
-
Benign Tumors
-
Malignant Tumors
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The zodiac sign "Cancer" was named such based off of the fact that "Cancer" the disease resembled a crab.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
What determines the difference between a Benign tumor and a Malignant tumor is the number and type of mutations.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Benign Tumors are completely harmless.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Problems that can be caused by benign tumors include:
Respuesta
-
Direct Physical Problems
-
Indirect Physical Problems
-
Chemical Problems
-
Cosmetic Concerns
-
Benign Tumors are Harmless and Do Not cause Problems
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Any abnormal mass is considered a tumor.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Moles always form before Adulthood.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
What type of benign tumor is the most common to arise during adulthood?
Respuesta
-
Papilloma
-
Osteoma
-
Lipoma
-
Myoma
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
What percentage of malignant tumors are inherited?
Respuesta
-
20%
-
25%
-
30%
-
15%
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Some cancers are more inheritable than others.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Gene mutations can be acquired from:
Respuesta
-
Radiation
-
Viruses
-
Carcinogens
-
Phytochemicals
-
Chronic Inflammation
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
The top 4 viral causes of cancer in order are:
1. [blank_start]Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
-
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
-
Hepatitis c Virus (HCV)
-
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
-
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
-
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
-
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
-
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
-
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
-
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
-
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
-
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
-
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
-
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
-
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
-
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Cells that replicate more are more at risk to form Cancer.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Put the steps of cell replication initiation in order:
1. [blank_start]Ligand[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Receptor[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Signaling Molecules[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]Cell Cycle Progression[blank_end]
5. [blank_start]Cell Replication[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Ligand
-
Receptor
-
Signaling Molecules
-
Cell Cycle Progression
-
Cell Replication
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Excess production of which proteins result in excess cell proliferation?
Respuesta
-
BRCA
-
EGF
-
HER2
-
p53
-
Ras
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Proto-oncogene stands for "Early Cancer Gene" because the normal version of this gene can be mutated into a cancer causing gene.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Increasing the amount of HER2 receptors in a cell increases the amount of signals being sent which then decreases the rate of cell proliferation.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
When there is a small amount of DNA damage detected, which proteins are activated to inhibit the cell cycle progression?
Respuesta
-
P16
-
BRCA
-
p53
-
HER2
-
Ras
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
When there is a small amount of DNA damage detected and the cell cycle is paused, which proteins start repairing the damaged DNA?
Respuesta
-
P16
-
BRCA
-
p53
-
HER2
-
Ras
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
When a large amount of DNA damage is detected, which proteins are activated to induce apoptosis?
Respuesta
-
P16
-
BRCA
-
p53
-
HER2
-
Ras
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The most mutated gene in all cancers is:
Respuesta
-
P16
-
BRCA
-
p53
-
HER2
-
Ras
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
The [blank_start]primary[blank_end] site is the origin of the tumor while the [blank_start]secondary[blank_end] site is where the tumor has traveled to.
Respuesta
-
primary
-
secondary
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Cancer cells travel through the [blank_start]blood[blank_end] or [blank_start]lymph[blank_end] vessels.
Respuesta
-
blood
-
lymph
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Metastasis relies on more [blank_start]replication[blank_end] and less [blank_start]apoptosis[blank_end] of cells.
Respuesta
-
replication
-
apoptosis
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
The steps of Metastasis in order:
1. [blank_start]More Replication & Less Apoptosis[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Evasion[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Loss of Contact Inhibition[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]Angiogenesis[blank_end]
5. [blank_start]Emigration[blank_end]
6. [blank_start]Immigration[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
More Replication & Less Apoptosis
-
Evasion
-
Loss of Contact Inhibition
-
Angiogenesis
-
Emigration
-
Immigration
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Cancer cells tend to invade tissues similar to their primary site tissues.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Match the 5 Major Types of Cancer with their definitions.
[blank_start]Carcinomas[blank_end] --> Cancer of the Epithelial Cells
[blank_start]Melanomas[blank_end] --> Cancer of Melanocytes
[blank_start]Sarcomas[blank_end] --> Cancer of the Connective Tissues
[blank_start]Myeloid Leukemia[blank_end] --> Cancer of Mast, Baso, Eosin, Neutro, or Monocytes
[blank_start]Lymphoid Leukemia[blank_end] --> Cancer of the Lymphocytes
Respuesta
-
Carcinomas
-
Melanomas
-
Sarcomas
-
Myeloid Leukemia
-
Lymphoid Leukemia
-
Melanomas
-
Carcinomas
-
Sarcomas
-
Myeloid Leukemia
-
Lymphoid Leukemia
-
Sarcomas
-
Carcinomas
-
Melanomas
-
Myeloid Leukemia
-
Lymphoid Leukemia
-
Myeloid Leukemia
-
Carcinomas
-
Melanomas
-
Sarcomas
-
Lymphoid Leukemia
-
Lymphoid Leukemia
-
Carcinomas
-
Melanomas
-
Sarcomas
-
Myeloid Leukemia
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
All of these can be symptoms of cancer EXCEPT
Respuesta
-
Dyspnea
-
Seizures
-
Hemoptysis
-
Lymphedema
-
Jaundice
-
All of these can be symptoms of Cancer
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
A Patient experiencing a tumor in the bone marrow may have symptoms such as...
Respuesta
-
Fatigue
-
Vertigo
-
Bleeding
-
Infections
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Cancer is consistently considered the [blank_start]2nd[blank_end] most common cause of death in the US.
Respuesta
-
2nd
-
1st
-
3rd
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Tumors are detectable before they become a critical mass.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
A biopsy is considered the "[blank_start]gold standard[blank_end]" for tumor diagnosis.
Respuesta
-
gold standard
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Tumor Detection Involves which of the following:
Respuesta
-
Visualization & Palpitation
-
Imaging & Observing
-
Testing
-
Sampling
-
All of the Above
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
In Antineoplastic surgery, Combotherapy can involve a combination of [blank_start]Surgery[blank_end], [blank_start]Radiation[blank_end], and [blank_start]Chemotherapy[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
Surgery
-
Radiation
-
Chemotherapy
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
[blank_start]Surgery and Radiation[blank_end] are usually used in early stage cancers while [blank_start]Chemotherapy[blank_end] is used in advanced stage cancers.
Respuesta
-
Surgery and Radiation
-
Chemotherapy
-
Chemotherapy
-
Surgery and Radiation
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Match the surgery type with its goal:
[blank_start]Curative[blank_end] --> Removing all of the tumor to cure the patient
[blank_start]Debulking[blank_end] --> Removing a large amount of the tumor to improve the prognosis of the cancer
[blank_start]Palliative[blank_end] --> Removing some of the tumor to increase the comfort and quality of life for the patient
Respuesta
-
Curative
-
Debulking
-
Palliative
-
Debulking
-
Curative
-
Palliative
-
Palliative
-
Curative
-
Debulking
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
The general methods that chemotherapy uses to inhibit cellular replication and increase apoptosis include:
Respuesta
-
Inhibiting Hormone and Secreted Molecules
-
Inhibiting Kinases and Phosphate Groups
-
Using Surface Molecules and Damaging the DNA
-
Inhibiting DNA Replication and Chromosome Separation
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Two Chemotherapeutic Hormone inhibitors mentioned were [blank_start]Tamoxifen[blank_end] and [blank_start]Bicalutamide[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
Tamoxifen
-
Bicalutamide
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Replicating Cells secrete [blank_start]VEGF[blank_end] to stimulate the growth of blood vessels towards them to deliver Oxygen and Glucose
Respuesta
-
VEGF
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
An example of a medication that is a Monoclonal Antibody (MAB) targeting secreted molecules is:
Respuesta
-
Bevacizumab (Avastin)
-
Bendamustine (Bendeka)
-
Altretamine (Hexalen)
-
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
An example of a medication that is a Monoclonal Antibody (MAB) targeting surface molecules is:
Respuesta
-
Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
-
Bendamustine (Bendeka)
-
Altretamine (Hexalen)
-
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
A medication that is an example of a chemotherapeutic kinase inhibitor is:
Respuesta
-
Imatinib (Gleevec)
-
ifosfamide (Ifex)
-
Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
-
Bevacizumab (Avastin)
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Which of these are Alkylating/Alkylating-like Agents?
Respuesta
-
Cyclophosphamide
-
Cisplatin
-
Chlorambucil
-
I and II
-
II and III
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Which of these are an Antimetabolite Drug?
Respuesta
-
Methotrexate
-
Mercaptopurine
-
Prednisone
-
5-Flurouracil
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
Which of these are a Topoisomerase Inhibitor?
Respuesta
-
Irinotecan
-
Etoposide
-
Cisplatin
-
Bendamustine
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Which of these are Antimitoic Agents?
Respuesta
-
Vincristine
-
Paclitaxel
-
Cyclophospamide
-
Dexamethasone
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
[blank_start]Primary[blank_end] Drug resistance is when Cancer is resistant to a drug before exposure.
[blank_start]Acquired[blank_end] Drug resistance is when the Cancer becomes resistant over time after exposure.
Respuesta
-
Primary
-
Acquired
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
Systematic chemotherapy administration involves:
Respuesta
-
Intravenous Chemo
-
Oral Chemo
-
Subcutaneous Chemo
-
Intramuscular Chemo
-
Intradermal Cheo
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Local chemotherapy administration methods mentioned include:
Respuesta
-
Intrathecal
-
Intravesical
-
Intravenous
-
Intramuscular
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Drugs injected via I.V. cross BBB into the Central Nervous System.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Continuous Chemotherapy treatment is considered [blank_start]Rare[blank_end] while Noncontinuous treatment is [blank_start]More Common[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
Rare
-
More Common
-
More Common
-
Rare
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
Noncontinuous treatment consists of weeks of treatment and then a few days of no treatment for the healthy cells to recover.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
Match the Chemotherapy response with its definition:
[blank_start]Complete Response[blank_end] --> 100% disappearance after 1 month of treatment
[blank_start]Partial Response[blank_end] --> 30% or greater decrease in tumor diameter along with no new disease
[blank_start]Stable Disease[blank_end] --> Tumor has no change in size
[blank_start]Progressive Disease[blank_end] --> 20% or greater increase in tumor size or Tumor has spread
Respuesta
-
Complete Response
-
Partial Response
-
Stable Disease
-
Progressive Disease
-
Partial Response
-
Complete Response
-
Stable Disease
-
Progressive Disease
-
Stable Disease
-
Complete Response
-
Partial Response
-
Progressive Disease
-
Progressive Disease
-
Stable Disease
-
Complete Response
-
Partial Response
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
The 1st FDA approved gene therapy mentioned was [blank_start]CAR-T[blank_end] therapy.
Respuesta
-
CAR-T
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
The Top 4 Modifiable Risk Factors for Cancer in Order are:
1. [blank_start]Cigarette Smoking[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Excess Weight[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Alcohol Intake[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]UV Exposure[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Cigarette Smoking
-
Excess Weight
-
Alcohol Intake
-
UV Exposure
-
Alcohol Intake
-
Cigarette Smoking
-
Excess Weight
-
UV Exposure
-
Excess Weight
-
Cigarette Smoking
-
Alcohol Intake
-
UV Exposure
-
UV Exposure
-
Cigarette Smoking
-
Excess Weight
-
Alcohol Intake
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
Pro-inflammation promotes Cancer.
Respuesta
- True
- False
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