4225981
Descripción
Test por Avi Chudasama, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Avi Chudasama
hace casi 9 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
In life-threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by
Respuesta
-
Secreting erythropoietin
-
Secreting rennin
-
Deaminating amino acids
-
Producing uric acid
-
Contributing to calcium homeostasis
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
This byproduct of protein catabolism constitutes approximately one-half of
Respuesta
-
Ammonia
-
Azotemia
-
Uric acid
-
Creatinine
-
Urea
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which organ system does not excrete waste?
Respuesta
-
The urinary system
-
The respiratory system
-
The digestive system
-
The integumentary system
-
The cardiovascular system
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Which is not a function of the kidneys?
Respuesta
-
They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids
-
They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D
-
They help control blood pressure
-
They release waste into the bloodstream
-
They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system?
Respuesta
-
Urethra
-
Collecting duct
-
Ureter
-
Urinary bladder
-
Kidney
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
A patient enters a hospital after a motorcycle accident. He complains of midback pain. X rays reveal both rib and pelvic fractures. His emergency room examination includes urinalysis. Which of the following findings from the urinalysis would most likely suggest trauma to the kidneys from the accident, but not to the urinary bladder?
Respuesta
-
Pyuria
-
Hematuria
-
Albuminuria
-
Uremia
-
Phenylketonuria
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as
Respuesta
-
The perirenal fat capsule
-
The renal fascia
-
The hilum
-
The fibrous capsule
-
The renal medulla
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of
Respuesta
-
Two calyces and a renal pelvis
-
One pyramid and the overlying cortex
-
One major calyx and all of its minor calyces
-
A renal medulla and two renal columns
-
One collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
A renal pyramid voids urine into
Respuesta
-
The minor calyx
-
The major calyx
-
The renal medulla
-
The renal papilla
-
The ureter
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?
Respuesta
-
Arcuate a. → interlobar a. → arfferent arteriole → interlobular a.
-
Interlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.
-
Segmental a. → interlobar a. → arcuate a. → interlobular a.
-
Afferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.
-
Segmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the:
Respuesta
-
Glomerulus
-
Medulla
-
Cortical radiate veins
-
Peritubular capillaries
-
Vasa recta
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
The average person has approximately __________ nephrons per kidney
Respuesta
-
1.2 million
-
2.4 Million
-
3.6 million
-
5.6 million
-
4.8 million
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal cortex to the renal vein?
Respuesta
-
interlobular v. → interlobar v. → segmental v. → renal v.
-
arcuate v. → interlobar v. → segmental v. → renal v.
-
interlobar v. → interlobular v. → arcuate v. → renal v.
-
segmental v. → arcuate v. → interlobar v. → renal v.
-
interlobular v. → arcuate v. → interlobar v. → renal v.
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Blood plasma is filtered in
Respuesta
-
The renal tubule
-
The renal corpuscle
-
The renal capsule
-
The renal column
-
The renal calyx
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which of these form the inner layer of the glomerular capsule and wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus?
Respuesta
-
Macula densa cells
-
Mesangial cells
-
Nephrocytes
-
Podocytes
-
Monocytes
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
All of the following are composed of cuboidal epithelium with the exception of
Respuesta
-
The thin segment of the nephron loop
-
The thick segment of the nephron loop
-
The collecting duct
-
The proximal convoluted tubule
-
The distal convoluted tubule
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which are primarily responsible for maintain the salinity gradient of the renal medulla?
Respuesta
-
Cortical nephrons
-
Juxtamedullary nephrons
-
Collecting ducts
-
Proximal convoluted tubules
-
Distal convoluted tubules
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
In the nephron, the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as
Respuesta
-
Plasma
-
Glomerular filtrate
-
Tubular Fluid
-
Renal filtrate
-
Medullary filtrate
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen released from the _______ to form angiotensin I
Respuesta
-
Lungs
-
Kidneys
-
Liver
-
Heart
-
Spleen
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the _______ of all the nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption
Respuesta
-
Proximal convoluted tubules
-
Distal convolutes tubules
-
Loops of Henle
-
Collecting ducts
-
Glomeruli
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for reabsorbing all of the following except:
Respuesta
-
Potassium
-
Sodium Chloride
-
Hydrogen Ions
-
Urea
-
Water
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood volume and pressure by all of the following means except
Respuesta
-
Increasing glomerular filtration rate
-
Inhibiting renin and aldosterone secretion
-
Inhibiting the action of ADH on the kidney
-
Inhibiting NaCl reabsorption by the collecting duct
-
Preventing sodium loss in the urine
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Hypocalcemia stimulates
Respuesta
-
A decrease in aldosterone production
-
Secretion of parathyroid hormone
-
Secretion of renin
-
An increase in blood urea nitrogen
-
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?
Respuesta
-
Collecting Ducts
-
Glomerulus
-
Proximal convoluted tubule
-
Distal convoluted tubule
-
Nephron loop
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when
Respuesta
-
The body's water volume is high
-
The body's pH is low
-
The output of antidiuretic hormone is high
-
The output of natriuretic peptides is high
-
A person is lost and deprived of drinking water the body's water volume is high
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation?
Respuesta
-
The collecting duct
-
The countercurrent multiplier
-
The length of the nephrons
-
Diuretics
-
The countercurrent exchange system
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
The countercurrent multiplier recaptures ________ and is based on fluid flowing in _________ direction in two adjacent tubules
Respuesta
-
Potassium; the same
-
Calcium; the opposite
-
Calcium; the same
-
Sodium; the opposite
-
Sodium; the same
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
The overall purpose of the countercurrent exchange system is
Respuesta
-
To supply salt and urea to the renal medulla
-
To supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal cortex
-
To supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal medulla
-
To remove metabolic wastes from the renal cortex
-
To remove metabolic wastes from the renal medulla
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which of these induces renin secretion, constricts afferent arterioles, and reduces GFR and urine volume?
Respuesta
-
Aldosterone
-
Antidiuretic hormone
-
Parathyroid hormone
-
Norepinephrine
-
Angiotensin II
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Normal urine from a healthy person can be expected to contain all of the following except:
Respuesta
-
Creatine
-
Urobilin
-
Glucose
-
Ammonia
-
Magnesium
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
What is the term for the pigment responsible for the color of urine?
Respuesta
-
Monochrome
-
Urochrome
-
Multichrome
-
Cyanochrome
-
Pyuria
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
The minimum daily output of urine to meet the definition of polyuria is:
Respuesta
-
1.0 L
-
1.5 L
-
2.0 L
-
0.5 L
-
3.0 L
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Prior to chemical tests for glycosuria, clinicians checked for sweetness of the urine as a sign of:
Respuesta
-
Diabetes insipidus
-
Acute glomerulonephritis
-
Diabetes mellitus
-
Renal calculus
-
Pyelitis
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Loop diuretics reduce body water context by acting on:
Respuesta
-
The feedback loop between the kidney and posterior pituitary gland
-
The countercurrent multiplier system
-
The countercurrent exchanger system
-
Aquaporins of the collecting duct
-
The thirst mechanism and water intake
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
A hospital patient produces 4 mL. min of urine with a urea concentration of 8mg/mL. Venous blood draw reveals urea concentration of .4 mg/mL. What is the percentage of cleared urea from glomerular filrate?
Respuesta
-
40%
-
56%
-
64%
-
72%
-
80%
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate?
Respuesta
-
insulin and glucose
-
inulin and creatinine
-
sodium and water
-
albumin and inulin
-
insulin and urea
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Creatinine has a renal clearance of 140 mL/min due to the fact that:
Respuesta
-
it is produced in the pulmonary tissue.
-
it is secreted by the renal tubules.
-
it is absorbed by the renal tubules.
-
it is secreted by the glomerulus.
-
it is absorbed by the loop of Henle.
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Which of the following is not found in the ureter?
Respuesta
-
Adventitia
-
Two layers of smooth muscle
-
Three layers of smoother muscle
-
Transitional epithelium
-
Skeletal muscle
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Which muscle is located in the bladder?
Respuesta
-
Detrusor
-
Distractor
-
Pubococcygeus
-
corpus spongiosum
-
corpus cavernosum
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Which is not a portion of the urethra?
Respuesta
-
external urethral orifice
-
internal urethral sphincter
-
prostatic urethra
-
membraneous urethra
-
spongy urethra
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Micturition is another term for:
Respuesta
-
the production of nitrogenous wastes
-
glomerular filtration
-
the elimination of urine
-
the countercurrent multiplier process
-
inflammation of the urinary bladder
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
The ureters pass anterior to the bladder and enter it from below
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Albuminuria is a common sign of diabetes mellitus
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Diseases that affect the descending corticospinal tracts may limit inhibition of the sacral somatic motor neurons and thus could result in urinary incontinence
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Ethyl (drinking) alcohol stimulates the secretion of ADH, thereby reducing reabsorption by the collecting duct
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate excretion by the proximal convoluted tubule as well as promotes synthesis of calcitriol
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
The countercurrent multiplier mechanism for water conservation was discovered by limiting studies to humans and thus hypothesizing how form determines function
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
The thick segment of the nephron loop is impermeable to water
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Glomerular filtration occurs because glomerular oncotic pressure overrides glomerular blood pressure
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Angiotensin converting enzyme is found only in the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Cells in the cleft between the afferent and efferent arterioles and among capillaries of the glomerulus are known as mesangial cells
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Glomerular capillaries suffer little damage from hypertension because of the protective influence of the afferent arterioles
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
The fenestrated endothelium of the capillary has pores small enough to exclude blood cells from the filtrate
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
The most toxic of our metabolic wastes are nitrogenous wastes
Respuesta
- True
- False
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