Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which of these is not a function of blood?
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Which of these inorganic ions are not found in plasma?
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which of these is not a component of plasma?
Respuesta
-
Water
-
Small organics
-
Proteins
-
Red blood cells
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
How much water is contained in plasma?
Respuesta
-
5-5.5L
-
5.5-6L
-
4.5-5L
-
6-6.5L
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which is the most abundant serum protein?
Respuesta
-
Albumin
-
α1-globulins
-
β-globulins
-
γ-globulins
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
What is the normal range of protein concentration in serum?
Respuesta
-
60-80 g/L
-
50-70 g/L
-
70-90 g/L
-
40-60 g/L
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
What are the approximate proportions of Albumin?
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
What is the approximate proportion of immunoglobulin G?
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which of these is not involved in blood clotting?
Respuesta
-
Albumin
-
Thrombin
-
Fibrin
-
Plasmin
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which of these is a 66kDa polypeptide with 3 homologous domains each with different binding sites?
Respuesta
-
Albumin
-
α1-Proteinase Inhibitor
-
Transferrin
-
Haemoglobin
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Which of the following is a 54kDa polypeptide with a 'bait' sequence for elastase binding?
Respuesta
-
α1-Proteinase Inhibitor
-
Albumin
-
Transferrin
-
Haemoglobin
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which of the following is a 77kDa polypeptide with 2 homologous domains each with an Fe binding site
Respuesta
-
Transferrin
-
Albumin
-
α1-Proteinase Inhibitor
-
Haemoglobin
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a Granulocyte
Respuesta
-
Neutrophils
-
Eiosinophils
-
Basophils
-
Lymphocytes
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
How many molecules of Haemoglobin are there in a red blood cell?
Respuesta
-
250x10^6
-
250x10^8
-
250x10^7
-
250x10^5
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which of the following is not present in a red blood cell?
Respuesta
-
Mitochondria
-
Cytoskeleton
-
Haemoglobin
-
Cell Membrane
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which of the following is a 64kDa tetrapolypeptide with 2 α-chains and 2 β-chains?
Respuesta
-
Haemoglobin
-
Albumin
-
Transferrin
-
α1-Proteinase Inhibitor
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
What percentage of humans have a Haemoglobin mutation?
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a main role of pattern recognition receptors?
Respuesta
-
To activate the cell to synthesise
-
To cause cells to release defensive molecules
-
To initiate phagocytosis or apoptosis
-
To carry out phagocytosis or apoptosis
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Which of the following carries out phagocytosis
Respuesta
-
Neutrophils
-
Lymphocytes
-
Basophils
-
Eosinophils
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Which of the following is not an anti microbial enzyme?
Respuesta
-
Lysozyme
-
Lacoperioxidase
-
Phopholipase A2
-
Superoxide dismutase
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
What is the size of anti-microbial peptides?
Respuesta
-
3-5kDa
-
2-4kDa
-
4-6kDa
-
5-7kDa
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Which of the following is not an anti-microbial peptide?
Respuesta
-
Defensins
-
Histatins
-
Cathelicidins
-
Transferrins
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a feature of adaptive immunity?
Respuesta
-
Specificity
-
Memory
-
Tolerance
-
Rapid 1st Response
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Which of the following is regarded as a type of lympocyte
Respuesta
-
B cell
-
T cell
-
Both B and T cell
-
Neither B or T cell
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
In vaccination, which of these methods is not used?
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which of the following is a 150kDa tetrapolypeptide with 2 heavy amd 2 light chains
Respuesta
-
IgG
-
Haemoglobin
-
Albumin
-
Transferrin
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
IgG is made up of...
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Which of these is a correct arrangement for polypeptide chains in IgG
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
How many Complementary-Determining Regions are there in a IgG molecule?
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Which of the following contains 2 heavy chains (α) and two light chains (λ or κ)
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Which of the following has 2 heavy chains (µ) and two light chains (λ or κ)
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Which of the following has 2 heavy chains (δ) and two light chains (λ or κ)
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Which of the following has 2 heavy chains (ε) and two light chains (λ or κ)
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
The V domains on all the heavy chains are specified by
Respuesta
-
V segment
-
V and D segments
-
V, D and J segments
-
V and J segments
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
The V domains on all the light chains are specified by
Respuesta
-
V segment
-
V and D segments
-
V, D and J segments
-
V and J segments
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which of the following is false regarding Antibody-mediated immunity?
Respuesta
-
Directed towards extracellular antigens.
-
Recognition by BCRs on the B-cells.
-
Requires confirmation by Th-cells for antibody production
-
Directed towards intracellular antigens.
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Which of the following statements regarding the MHC I and MHC II systems is false?
Respuesta
-
The are both highly polymorphic.
-
Both require 3 types of peptides
-
Individuals commonly have the same combination of MHC proteins
-
The binding sites of the MHC proteins recognise sets of peptides
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Which of the following statements regarding T-cells is false?
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Which of the following statements is false?
Respuesta
-
All mitochondria come from the mother
-
Mitochondria have their own DNA
-
Mitochondria is found in all cell types
-
Mitochondria is involved with apoptosis
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
The body daily produces approximately...
Respuesta
-
70kg ATP
-
60kg ATP
-
80kg ATP
-
100kg ATP
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
What % of mitochondrial disorders are due to mtDNA mutations?
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Which of the following statements regarding mtDNA is false?
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Which of the following can't be used for mitochondrial disease diagnosis
Respuesta
-
Maternal family history
-
Blood/CSF/Urine tests
-
Imaging Techniques
-
Paternal family history
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Which mitochondrial disease has a very early onset of symptoms?
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Which disorder is associated with "Ragged Red Fibers"
Respuesta
-
MERRF
-
NARP
-
MELAS
-
Pearson syndrome
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a radical?
Respuesta
-
Hydrogen peroxide
-
Hypoclorite
-
Singlet oxygen
-
Peroxynitrite
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Which is the most reactive intermediate?
Respuesta
-
Hydroxyl radicals
-
Superoxide
-
Hydrogen Peroxide
-
Peroxynitrite
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Which is the least reactive intermediate?
Respuesta
-
Hydrogen peroxide
-
Hydroxyl radicals
-
Superoxide
-
Peroxynitrite
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Which is not a source of superoxide?
Respuesta
-
Enzymatic
-
Toxic compounds
-
Ionising Radiation
-
UV light
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
What enzyme is used to detoxify hydrogen peroxide?
Respuesta
-
Catalase
-
Superoxide dismutase
-
Hydrogen peroxidase
-
Hydrogen dismutase
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
(From Textbook) The production of antibodies in response to a foreign molecule is referred to as
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
(From textbook) An epitope is
Respuesta
-
the portion of an antibody which recognizes an antigen.
-
the protein of an antigen recognized by an antibody.
-
an internal signal in the B-lymphocytes initiating the production of antibodies.
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
(From textbook) The treatment of immunoglobulin G with papain results in the production of two types of fragments. Which of the following correctly relates these fragments to antigen binding?
Respuesta
-
The Fab fragment is capable of binding antigen but the Fc fragment is not.
-
The Fab fragment can bind antigen only in the presence of the Fc fragment.
-
The proteolytic action of papain abolishes the ability of the antibody fragments to bind antigen.
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
(From textbook) The immunoglobulin G molecule is composed of two heavy (H) and two light (L) chains. Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between these two types of chains and the Fab and Fc fragments?
Respuesta
-
The L chains are present only in the Fab fragment
-
The Fc fragment contains parts of both the H and L chains
-
Disulfide bonds linking H and L chains are found in both Fab and Fc fragments.
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
(From textbook) Hypervariable loops of the Fab portion of antibody molecules are involved in antigen binding. The amino acids forming these loops
Respuesta
-
come from the L chain only.
-
come from the H chain only.
-
come from both the H and L chains.
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
(From textbook) Genes for specific immunoglobulins are the product of rearrangement and linkage of V (variable) and C (constant) genes in the differentiation of lymphocytes. How does this process differ for the H and L chains?
Respuesta
-
J (joining) genes are used to link V and C genes in construction of genes for L chains but not H chains.
-
D (diversity) genes are used in place of J genes in construction of genes for H chains.
-
D (diversity) genes are used in conjunction with J genes in construction of genes for H chains.
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
(From textbook) T-cells scan the surface of cells and kill those that exhibit foreign markings. The form in which such cells are marked is
Respuesta
-
by proteins from intracellular pathogens being secreted by the target cells
-
by proteolytic products of intracellular pathogens being released from the target cells
-
by proteolytic products of intracellular pathogens being presented on the surface of the cells bound to the major histocompatibility complex.
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
(From textbook) Helper T cells also recognize foreign peptides displayed on the surface of cells in a complex with Class II MHC proteins. These peptides are the result of
Respuesta
-
degradation of an internal pathogen located in the cytosol.
-
degradation of proteins internalized by endocytosis.
-
foreign proteins being degraded by extracellular proteases
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
(From textbook) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) responsible for acquired autoimmune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) subverts the immune system by destroying what type of cell?
Respuesta
-
B-lymphocytes
-
killer T cells
-
helper T cells
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
(From textbook) Thymocytes are produced in the bone marrow and converted to T cells in the thymus. Which of the following is NOT a selective process involved in this conversion?
Respuesta
-
Positive selection to assure that only T cells that bind MHC proteins will survive.
-
Negative selection to assure that T cells that bind MHC proteins too tightly will be destroyed.
-
Selection to assure that T cells bind to MHC proteins only in the presence of foreign peptides.