Biology Chapter 6 Test Review

11 systems of the body (in alphabetical order) are: [blank_start]circulatory[blank_end] system, [blank_start]digestive[blank_end] system, [blank_start]endocrine[blank_end] system, [blank_start]excretory[blank_end] system, [blank_start]immune[blank_end] system, [blank_start]integumentary[blank_end] system, [blank_start]muscular[blank_end] system, [blank_start]nervous[blank_end] system, [blank_start]reproductive[blank_end] system, [blank_start]respiratory[blank_end] system, and the [blank_start]skeletal[blank_end] system.

Which system brings food, water, and oxygen to body cells and carries away waste products? The [blank_start]circulatory[blank_end] system

Which system protest the body from bacteria, viruses, and other disease-causing organisms? This system produces antibodies. It's called the [blank_start]immune[blank_end] system.

Which system supplies the body tissue with oxygen and removes from them carbon dioxide? The [blank_start]respiratory[blank_end] system.

Which system breaks down food into a form that can be absorbed by the bloodstream? It's called the [blank_start]digestive[blank_end] system.

Which system excretes waste materials from the body? It's called the [blank_start]excretory[blank_end] system.

Which system coordinated the activities of the body? It tells the brain what the body is feeling, and it tells the body what the brain wants it to do. It is called the [blank_start]nervous[blank_end] system.

Which system regulates many activities of the body (such as growth and digestion) using chemical messengers (hormones)? It is the [blank_start]endocrine[blank_end] system.

Which system provides communication with the outside world through sensory receptors? It also protects the body from its surroundings. It is the [blank_start]integumentary[blank_end] system.

Which system gives support and rigidity to the body, protects vital organs, and produces blood cells? The [blank_start]skeletal[blank_end] system.

Which system provides movement for the body? The [blank_start]muscular[blank_end] system.

Which system is responsible for the continuation of the human race? The [blank_start]reproductive[blank_end] system.

Name four types of tissue: (in alphabetical order) 1. [blank_start]connective[blank_end] tissue 2. [blank_start]epithelial[blank_end] tissue 3. [blank_start]muscle[blank_end] tissue 4. [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] tissue

Muscles are made of [blank_start]muscle[blank_end] tissue. Nerves are made of [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] tissue. Outer layers of the skin, the lining of the alimentary canal and the lining of blood vessels are made of [blank_start]epithelial[blank_end] tissue. Bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, fat, blood, and lymph are made of [blank_start]connective[blank_end] tissue.

Four types of tissue fluids are: (in alphabetical order) [blank_start]blood[blank_end], cerebro-[blank_start]spinal[blank_end] fluid, interstitial fluid, and [blank_start]lymph[blank_end].

Name four types of membranes. (in alphabetical order) 1. [blank_start]cutaneous[blank_end] membrane 2. [blank_start]mucous[blank_end] membrane 3. [blank_start]serous[blank_end] membrane 4. synovial membrane

The lining of the chest cavity and the lining of the abdominal cavity has [blank_start]serous[blank_end] membrane. The lining of the throat, mouth, and nose is [blank_start]mucous[blank_end] membrane. The skin is [blank_start]cutaneous[blank_end] membrane. The linings of joint cavities has [blank_start]synovial[blank_end] membrane.

How do the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and excretory systems work together to supply nutrients to the body's cells and to remove waste products? The [blank_start]respiratory[blank_end] system and [blank_start]digestive[blank_end] system provide the body with oxygen and nutrients. The [blank_start]circulatory[blank_end] system transports oxygen and nutrients to body cells and carries away waste products. The [blank_start]respiratory[blank_end] system expels carbon dioxide, a gaseous waste product, from the body. The [blank_start]excretory[blank_end] system removes other waste products from the body.

The immune system is important because it [blank_start]defends[blank_end] the body against disease-causing organisms such as [blank_start]bacteria[blank_end] and [blank_start]viruses[blank_end].

The skin is very important because it provides [blank_start]communication[blank_end] with the outside world through [blank_start]sensory[blank_end] receptors and [blank_start]protects[blank_end] the body from its surroundings.

How do the skeletal and muscular systems work together to allow movement? The [blank_start]skeletal[blank_end] system gives support and [blank_start]rigidity[blank_end] to the body and provides attachment points for [blank_start]muscles[blank_end]. The [blank_start]muscular[blank_end] system moves the body by pulling on [blank_start]bones[blank_end].

List five to eleven important organs (in alphabetical order) once thought to be vestigial (having become functionless in the course of evolution.) 1. [blank_start]appendix[blank_end] 2. coccyx (tailbone) 3. cuspid (canine teeth) 4. parathyroid gland 5. [blank_start]pineal[blank_end] gland 6. pituitary gland 7. third molar ([blank_start]wisdom[blank_end] teeth) 8. thymus 9. thyroid 10. [blank_start]tonsils[blank_end] 11. "yolk sac" of embryo

The [blank_start]appendix[blank_end] contains much lymphatic tissue, which probably helps to protect the body against infection, especially in the early years of life. The [blank_start]thyroid gland[blank_end] produces hormones that are important in the growth an development of the body; regulates the amount of calcium in the blood; and its primary responsibility is to regulate metabolic rate. The [blank_start]parathyroid glands[blank_end] produce hormones that regulate the amount of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate ions in the blood. The [blank_start]pituitary gland[blank_end] is the 'master gland' of the body. It regulates growth of the body and other bodily functions.

The [blank_start]pineal[blank_end] gland produces the hormone melatonin, which regulates cycles of sleep and wakefulness. Muscles attached to the [blank_start]coccyx[blank_end] (tailbone) allow us to stand in an upright position. These [blank_start]muscles[blank_end] also aid in the elimination of wastes. [blank_start]Tonsils[blank_end] help promote good health by destroying harmful bacteria. The [blank_start]thymus[blank_end] serves as the center where T cells (white blood cells that help fight bacteria and viruses) mature and are "trained".

The [blank_start]third[blank_end] molars (wisdom teeth) provide a surface to grind food into tiny bits to prepare it for proper digestion. The [blank_start]cuspids[blank_end] (canine teeth) tear large pieces of food into smaller pieces. The "yolk sac" of the embryo serves as an early source of [blank_start]nutrients[blank_end] and blood cells; it contains cells that later turn into part of the embryo's developing reproductive system and GI tract.

Why are there few positive feedback mechanisms in the body? Generally, maintaining homeostasis requires [blank_start]reversing[blank_end] the effects of changes in the body; in contrast, a positive feedback mechanism maintains or [blank_start]increases[blank_end] the effects of a change.