Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which of these mechanisms allow fluoride to increase the resistance of teeth to acid attack?
Respuesta
-
Reduce/inhibit enamel dissolving
-
Promoting remineralisation
-
Changing plaque ecology
-
Reducing plaque acid production
-
Increased enamel dissolution
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
What is the acute lethal dose of fluoride?
Respuesta
-
32-64mg F / kg body weight
-
5 g F / kg body weight
-
32-64g F / kg body weight
-
5 mg F / kg body weight
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
What is the toxic dose for fluoride?
Respuesta
-
5 mg F/ kg body weight
-
5 g F/ kg body weight
-
32-64mg F / kg body weight
-
32-64g F / kg body weight
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What are some clinical symptoms of fluoride poisoning?
Respuesta
-
Nausea
-
Diarrhoea
-
Convulsions
-
Cardiac arrhythmias
-
Conjunctivitis
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Why might acute fluoride poisoning lead to cardiac dysrhythymia?
Respuesta
-
Hypocalcemia / Hyperkalemia
-
Hypercalcemia / Hypokalemia
-
Hypernatremia / Hyperkalemia
-
Hypercalcemia / Hyponatremia
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Skeletal fluorosis is sometimes mistaken for...
Respuesta
-
Arthritis
-
Osteoporosis
-
Parkinson's
-
Huntington's
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
How does fluoride impair enamel formation?
Respuesta
-
Interferes with the ameloblasts in the early maturation phase leading to imperfect crystals / prisms
-
Interferes with the ameloblasts in the late maturation phase leading to imperfect crystals / prisms
-
Leads to imperfect collagen deposition by the ameloblasts leading to imperfect crystals / prisms
-
Leads to imperfect hydroxyapatite deposition by the odontoblasts leading to imperfect enamel crystals / prisms
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
How does fluoride impair dentin formation?
Respuesta
-
Leads to impaired random collagen and hydroxyapatite deposition which is more susceptible to caries
-
Leads to impaired random hydroxyapatite deposition which is more susceptible to caries
-
Leads to impaired random collagen deposition which is more susceptible to caries
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Fluoride _________ mineralisation of bone, leading to heavy irregular mineralisation of bone.
Respuesta
-
Stimulates
-
Inhibits
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
75-90% of fluoride is absorbed in the
Respuesta
-
Stomach
-
Duodenum and Upper jejunum
-
Lower jejunum and ileum
-
Duodenum only
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Fluoride is mostly absorbed by...
Respuesta
-
Passive diffusion
-
Active transport
-
Facilitated diffusion
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Maternal and Foetal blood fluoride levels tend to be..
Respuesta
-
Similar, therefore related.
-
Completely different, therefore unrelated.
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
The three phases of fluoride transport are:
1. Tissue fluid / soft tissue eq[blank_start]uilibration[blank_end] and dilution
2. Hard tissue deposition in tissues with high F [blank_start]affin.[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Renal[blank_end] clearance of F which not deposited in skeleton
Respuesta
-
uilibration
-
affinity
-
Renal
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Fluoride accumulates in the soft tissues.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Saliva and Tissue fluid have similar fluoride levels to blood plasma.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Why does fluoride have such a high affinity for bone?
Respuesta
-
It has a high affinity for hydroxyapatite in bone, preferentially forming fluorapatite.
-
It has a high affinity for collagen in bone, preferentially forming fluoridated collagen.
-
It has a high affinity for receptors in bone marrow which allow it to bind readily
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
What is the half life of fluoride in someone who is not frequently exposed to F?
Respuesta
-
24 hrs
-
2 years
-
12 hrs
-
1 hr
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
What factors might impact on renal clearance of fluoride?
Respuesta
-
Dose of fluoride
-
Previous exposure
-
Fluid intake
-
Cirrhosis
-
Half life of fluoride
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Fluoride interferes with acid production by bacteria. How does it inhibit it?
Respuesta
-
Inhibits the enolase enzyme involved in glycolysis (which ultimately produces lactic acid)
-
Inhibits the alpha-ketoglutarate enzyme involved in glycolysis (which ultimately produces lactic acid)
-
Inhibits the hexokinase enzyme involved in glycolysis (which ultimately produces lactic acid)
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Fluoride interferes with extracellular polysaccharide formation
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Fluoride decreases bacterial intracellular polysaccharide formation and glucose uptake.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Fluoride does not affect cariogenicity but does decrease the amount of plaque formation.
Respuesta
- True
- False
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