7116665
Descripción
Test por Zaneta Chan, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Zaneta Chan
hace alrededor de 8 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The time a person takes to interpret a symptom as a sign of illness is called _____.
Respuesta
-
treatment delay
-
appraisal delay
-
illness delay
-
utilization delay
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Nicotine, the addictive substance in cigarettes, is an agonist for the ____ receptor.
Respuesta
-
acetylcholine
-
beta-endorphin
-
cortisol
-
dopamine
-
opioid
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
A main dietary contributor to atherosclerosis is _____.
Respuesta
-
salt
-
caffeine
-
cholesterol
-
monosodium glutamate (MSG)
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Which of the following statements about outpatient services is TRUE?
Respuesta
-
Outpatient services have had no effect on nursing home admissions.
-
Technological advances have made outpatient services a possibility for more patients.
-
Their use has been declining in recent years.
-
Outpatient services are much more expensive than inpatient services due to their technologyintensive nature
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Delirium tremens is a collection of symptoms that results when a person withdraws from _____.
Respuesta
-
opiates
-
alcohol
-
hallucinogens
-
benzodiazephines
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Perhaps the most important medical benefit of a more patient-centered approach in doctor style is _____.
Respuesta
-
greater patient understanding
-
increased likelihood of healing
-
greater amount of diagnostic information
-
decreased appointment cancellations
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which sensory fibers are NOT involved in the transmission of nociceptive information?
Respuesta
-
A-beta (Aβ) fibers
-
A-delta (Aδ) fibers
-
C fibers
-
B & C
-
A, B & C
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Chronic pain syndrome (CPS) is currently thought to be _____.
Respuesta
-
a form of malingering
-
a real neurologically based condition
-
an example of hypochondriasis
-
a type of factitious disorder
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen are _____.
Respuesta
-
local anesthetics
-
exogenous prostaglandins
-
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
-
opioid-receptor agonists
-
serotonin-receptor agonists
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Long term consequences of heavy drinking include all of the following health problems EXCEPT _____.
Respuesta
-
a. cancer of the liver
-
b. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
-
c. cardiovascular disease
-
d. asthma
-
e. c & d
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
The body’s response to the intake of a psychoactive drug that takes the form of enhanced activity of drug-degrading enzymes in the liver is a mechanism underlying _____ to that drug.
Respuesta
-
a. psychological dependence
-
b. addiction liability
-
c. tolerance
-
d. sensitization
-
e. reverse tolerance
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which statement describes how stress can influence the experience of pain?
Respuesta
-
a. Stress can lead people to engage in behaviors, such as tensing their muscles, which, in turn, cause pain.
-
b. High levels of stress can cause people to stop taking care of themselves (e.g., they over-eat and exercise less).
-
c. Stress can lead directly to physiological problems, such as the dilation of arteries surrounding the brain and tension in the muscles in the head, neck and shoulders, which can lead to headaches.
-
d. a, b & c
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Efforts aimed at convincing people to use seatbelts, wear condoms, and floss regularly are examples of _____.
Respuesta
-
a. primary prevention
-
b. secondary prevention
-
c. tertiary prevention
-
d. quaternary prevention
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Neurotransmitters like _____ directly decrease the experience of pain; neurotransmitters like _____ directly increase the experience of pain.
Respuesta
-
a. substance P; norepinephrine
-
b. endorphin; encephalin
-
c. norepinephrine; dynorphin
-
d. enkephalin; substance P
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
According to the theory of planned behavior (action), the key determinant of people’s behavior is _____.
Respuesta
-
a. self-efficacy
-
b. intention
-
c. social norms
-
d. perceived behavioral control
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
The intrinsic nociception system can be best described as _____.
Respuesta
-
a. unconnected to the intrinsic pain system
-
b. cyclical
-
c. ascending
-
d. descending
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
Respuesta
-
a. cardiac rehabilitation for someone who recently has had a heart attack
-
b. regular dental checkups for children with healthy teeth
-
c. going to the doctor when you have a sore throat
-
d. being in a monogamous sexual relationship
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
In operant conditioning, the association that is learned is between the _____ & the _____.
Respuesta
-
a. conditioned stimulus; conditioned response
-
b. unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response
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c. conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
-
d. conditioned response; unconditioned response
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e. behavior; consequence
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
According to the textbook, which of the following would significantly increase health in diverse populations?
Respuesta
-
a. reducing poverty
-
b. creating information approaches to reach populations with low literacy rates
-
c. making health-promotion services culturally sensitive
-
d. a, b & c
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The _____ is a specialized receptor that provides information about tissue damage.
Respuesta
-
a. nociceptor
-
b. somatosensory homunculus
-
c. substantia gelatinosa
-
d. C-afferent fiber
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Which of the following drugs can be classified as a stimulant?
Respuesta
-
a. cocaine
-
b. caffeine
-
c. benzodiazepine
-
d. a & b
-
e. a, b & c
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
After trying several prescription painkillers without success, Kulap drinks coffee to lessen her migraine pain. She finds that it is surprisingly effective, and this fact greatly increases the likelihood that she will drink coffee in the future when she suffers from migraines. Here, drinking coffee to remove migraine pain has been _____.
Respuesta
-
a. negatively reinforced
-
b. negatively punished
-
c. positively reinforced
-
d. positively punished
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
What happens when leptin is released into the bloodstream?
Respuesta
-
a. hunger increases
-
b. hunger decreases
-
c. metastasis increases
-
d. metastasis decreases
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The fact that pain relief produced by a placebo can be reversed by naloxone indicates that _____.
Respuesta
-
a. expectation can increase the activity of exogenous opioids
-
b. expectation can increase the activity of endogenous opioids
-
c. expectation can block the synthesis of prostaglandins
-
d. the placebo effect has no physiological basis
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Which is TRUE of the blood-brain barrier?
Respuesta
-
a. It is a protective device for the blood.
-
b. It is a protective device for the brain.
-
c. It is formed by tight gap junctions between the endothelial cell walls of capillaries that serve the brain.
-
d. b & c
-
e. a, b & c
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Hyperalgesia is a _____.
Respuesta
-
a. state of reduced sensitivity to pain
-
b. state of enhanced sensitivity to pain
-
c. somatoform disorder
-
d. factitious disorder
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Researchers have found that when habitual smokers are given low nicotine cigarettes, they _____.
Respuesta
-
a. smoke about the same number of cigarettes as when smoking cigarettes with normal nicotine levels
-
b. smoke more to maintain their nicotine intake
-
c. smoke less because low tar cigarettes taste awful
-
d. are likely to stop smoking after a short period of time
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Amenorrhea refers to _____.
Respuesta
-
a. body-image distortion
-
b. the cessation of normal menstrual cycling
-
c. extremely painful cramping during menstruation
-
d. the presence of more than two menstrual cycles per mont
-
e. extremely low body weight (< 85% of expected body weight)
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which of the following statements is true regarding sex differences in alcohol consumption?
Respuesta
-
a. Men drink more than women but only in adolescence.
-
b. Men drink more than women during adolescence but women drink more during adult life.
-
c. Men drink more than women throughout the lifespan.
-
d. Women drink more than men but only in adolescence
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Morphine is to opioid receptor as _____ is to cannabinoid receptor.
Respuesta
-
a. alcohol
-
b. amphetamine
-
c. nicotine
-
d. THC
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Research on sex and health has shown that women _____.
Respuesta
-
a. tend to get more exercise than men
-
b. use medical services less than men (excluding pregnancies)
-
c. tend to live longer than men
-
d. have fewer health problems than men
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Pain is a _____; nociception is a _____.
Respuesta
-
a. sensation; perception
-
b. perception; sensation
-
c. sensation; sensation
-
d. perception; perception
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
The chief advantage of a health care system organized into specialties is
Respuesta
-
a. good patient-doctor communication
-
b. lower expense
-
c. patients receive the best expertise for each aspect of each medical problem
-
d. faster delivery of services
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
What brain structure contains the somatosensory homunculus (used in the perception of pain)?
Respuesta
-
a. periaqueductal gray matter
-
b. hypothalamus
-
c. cerebellum
-
d. thalamus
-
e. neocortex
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Making believe one is ill to benefit from sick role behavior is known as _____.
Respuesta
-
a. hypochondriasis
-
b. malingering
-
c. chronic fatigue syndrome
-
d. pain conversion disorder
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which part of the stress response is associated directly with analgesia production?
Respuesta
-
a. noradrenaline release
-
b. adrenaline release
-
c. cortisol release
-
d. opioid release
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Which of the following drugs acts directly to block the conduction of action potentials in sensory neurons that carry nociceptive information?
Respuesta
-
a. morphine & heroin
-
b. aspirin & acetaminophen
-
c. novocaine & lidocaine
-
d. antidepressants & tranquilizers
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Which of the following health problems is associated with obesity?
Respuesta
-
a. certain types of cancer
-
b. hypertension
-
c. kidney disease
-
d. diabetes type II
-
e. a, b, c & d
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Which is TRUE of individuals with bulimia nervosa?
Respuesta
-
a. They are emaciated & lack energy
-
b. They are picky eaters & seem to be on a diet at all times
-
c. At meals, they engage in obsessive behaviors such as counting the number of chews
-
d. Because they appear to have a normal appetite (in public) and maintain normal body weight, they are hard to identify
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
The process in which the body requires increasingly large doses of a drug to achieve the same effect is best described as _____.
Respuesta
-
a. sensitization
-
b. tolerance
-
c. withdrawal
-
d. dependence
-
e. addiction
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Antabuse (i.e., disulfiram) is a(n) ______ used to treat alcohol abuse and dependence.
Respuesta
-
a. opioid-receptor agonist
-
b. opioid-receptor antagonist
-
c. anxiolytic
-
d. nausea-inducing drug
-
e. detoxification agent
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Which method of pain reduction is a form of counter-irritation?
Respuesta
-
a. hypnosis
-
b. biofeedback
-
c. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
-
d. transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Research on HMOs and conventional private practice health care has shown that _____.
Respuesta
-
a. patients using HMOs face major obstacles getting the treatment they need
-
b. private practice patients have more illnesses
-
c. private practice care is superior
-
d. HMOs provide superior care
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Two people, one obese and the other normal weight, are at a dinner party where some very bad tasting food has just been served. According to the Internal-External Hypothesis, who is likely to eat more?
Respuesta
-
a. The obese person will eat more.
-
b. The normal weight person will eat more.
-
c. They will eat the same amount of food.
-
d. The Internal-External Hypothesis does not suggest an answer to this question.
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
The correlation between education level and cigarette smoking is _____.
Respuesta
-
a. non-linear
-
b. an inverted U-shaped function
-
c. positive (direct)
-
d. negative (inverse)
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Iatrogenic conditions are _____.
Respuesta
-
a. congenital heart defects
-
b. somatoform disorder types
-
c. present only if practitioners make mistakes
-
d. health problems that result from medical treatment
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
In _____, a person deliberately produces, feigns, or exaggerates symptoms in another person who is under his or her care.
Respuesta
-
a. factitious disorder by proxy
-
b. hypochondriasis
-
c. somatoform disorder
-
d. malingering
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Which is NOT a component of the health belief model?
Respuesta
-
a. punishment
-
b. susceptibility
-
c. severity
-
d. benefits
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Hypochondriacs are people who tend to _____.
Respuesta
-
a. recognize real symptoms of illness
-
b. make up or feign bodily sensations
-
c. associate real but benign bodily sensations with illness
-
d. neglect to use the health care system
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Cancer and rheumatoid arthritis are frequently associated with _____.
Respuesta
-
a. chronic recurrent pain
-
b. chronic progressive pain
-
c. chronic intractable pain
-
d. chronic benign pain
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Which of the following is true about fat cells?
Respuesta
-
a. Fat cell number increases mainly in childhood and adolescence.
-
b. Fat cell number can increase but not decrease
-
c. Fat cell number is related to the body's set point.
-
d. a, b, & c
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
The theory of pain proposed by Melzack & Wall is the _____ theory.
Respuesta
-
a. pattern
-
b. gate control
-
c. specificity
-
d. tension-reduction
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
What is the primary characteristic of anorexia nervosa?
Respuesta
-
a. self-induced vomiting
-
b. ingestion of non-nutrient substances
-
c. repeated episodes of binge eating
-
d. refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Different patients describe symptoms for the same health problem differently because _____.
Respuesta
-
a. they differ in the attention they pay to internal states
-
b. they may emphasize a symptom that they believe reflects serious illness
-
c. they may downplay a symptom that they believe reflects serious illness
-
d. a, b & c
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal gray area (PAG) of the midbrain induces _____.
Respuesta
-
a. analgesia
-
b. hyperalgesia
-
c. pain
-
d. referred pain
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
Which age group is most likely to use health services?
Respuesta
-
a. the very young
-
b. the middle aged
-
c. the elderly
-
d. a & b
-
e. a & c
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
The BMIs of identical twins are much more similar than the BMIs of same-sex fraternal twins. This finding indicates a role for _____ in weight.
Respuesta
-
a. environment
-
b. genes
-
c. culturally determined eating habits
-
d. exercise level
-
e. age
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Which of the following is an algogenic substance?
Respuesta
-
a. endorphin
-
b. Prozac
-
c. Valium
-
d. prostaglandin
-
e. ibuprofen
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Simple sugars are to _____ as amino acids are to _____:
Respuesta
-
a. vitamins; minerals
-
b. carbohydrates; proteins
-
c. fats; vitamins
-
d. proteins; fiber
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines are similar in that they _____.
Respuesta
-
a. induce an up-regulation (i.e., increase the number) of norepinephrine receptors in the forebrain
-
b. change the re-uptake of serotonin into the presynaptic cell
-
c. modify activity at a subtype of the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor
-
d. alter the enzymatic degradation of dopamine in the synaptic cleft
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
According to the World Health Association, cigarette smoking in _____ is more likely in men than in women.
Respuesta
-
a. Southeast Asia
-
b. Europe
-
c. Africa
-
d. a & b
-
e. a, b & c
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Which of the following is way that psychoactive drugs can alter behavior by changing nervous system activity?
Respuesta
-
a. alter the synthesis of a neurotransmitter
-
b. alter the storage of a neurotransmitter
-
c. alter the release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
-
d. alter the termination of a neurotransmitter-induced postsynaptic effect
-
e. a, b, c & d
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