746932
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The secondary stage of syphilis
Respuesta
-
is when the patient is no longer infectious to others.
-
occurs within 10 days of the primary stage.
-
is a time when the pathogen enters and multiplies in the blood.
-
has no symptoms.
-
is when gummas develop in tissues.
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
During which stage of syphilis does fever, lymphadenopathy, and a red to brown rash occur?
Respuesta
-
primary
-
secondary
-
tertiary
-
latent
-
All of the choices are correct
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Permanent cardiovascular and neurological damage is seen in which stage of syphilis?
Respuesta
-
primary
-
secondary
-
tertiary
-
latent
-
All of the choices are correct
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Treponema, Borrelia, and Leptospira are all
Respuesta
-
obligate parasites requiring host cells.
-
curved rods.
-
transmitted by arthropod vectors.
-
spirochetes.
-
bacteria without cell walls.
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Yaws, Pinta, and Bejel are all diseases that
Respuesta
-
are slow, progressive skin diseases that can spread to deep tissues.
-
are sexually transmitted.
-
are caused by arthropod vectors.
-
are caused by Vibrio species
-
are respiratory tract infections.
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Infected animals shed Leptospira interrogans in their
Respuesta
-
feces
-
blood
-
urine
-
respiratory secretions
-
saliva
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Leptospirosis has all the following characteristics except
Respuesta
-
most common in cattle, horses, pigs, and dogs
-
pathogen is a spirochete
-
infects kidneys, liver, brain, eyes
-
humans acquire it by contact with abraided skin or mucous membranes
-
can be transmitted by animal bites
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Relapsing fever involves
Respuesta
-
soft-bodied ticks transmitting Borrelia hermsii.
-
initial symptoms of fever, headache, fatigue.
-
late symptoms of vomiting, muscle aches, damage to liver, spleen, heart and kidneys.
-
human body louse transmitting Borrelia recurrentis.
-
All of the choices are correct.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
The causative agent of Lyme disease is
Respuesta
-
Ixodes scapularis
-
Borrelia hermsii
-
Borrelia burgdorferi
-
Ixodes pacificus
-
Leptospira interrogans
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Erythema migrans, a bull's-eye rash, at the portal of entry is associated with
Respuesta
-
syphilis
-
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
-
relapsing fever
-
Lyme disease
-
leptospirosis
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
The Argyll Robertson pupil that is fixed and small, and does not react to light but does accommodate for focusing is associated with
Respuesta
-
Lyme disease
-
leptospirosis
-
chlamydiosis
-
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
-
tertiary syphilis
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
The white-footed mouse, deer, and deer ticks are important to maintaining the enzootic transmission cycle associated with
Respuesta
-
Lyme disease
-
leptospirosis
-
chlamydiosis
-
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
-
tertiary syphilis
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Control of rodent populations is important for preventing
Respuesta
-
tick-borne relapsing fever
-
ornithosis
-
epidemic typhus
-
Q fever
-
All of the choices are correct
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Lyme disease involves
Respuesta
-
early symptoms of fever, headache, stiff neck.
-
crippling polyarthritis and cardiovascular and neurological problems.
-
people having contact with wooded or forested areas.
-
treatment with antimicrobics.
-
All of the choices are correct.
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
The RPR, VDRL, MHA-TP, FTA-ABS, and TPI tests are used to diagnose
Respuesta
-
chlamydiosis
-
syphilis
-
lyme disease
-
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
-
Q fever
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
The virulence of Vibrio cholerae is due to its
Respuesta
-
capsule
-
neurotoxin
-
invasive enzymes
-
enterotoxin
-
All of the choices are correct
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Cholera symptoms are
Respuesta
-
copious watery diarrhea
-
loss of blood volume
-
acidosis, sunken eyes, thirst
-
hypotension, tachycardia, shock
-
All of the choices are correct
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The most immediate and important treatment needed to prevent death in Cholera victims is
Respuesta
-
water and electrolyte replacement
-
antimicrobics
-
antitoxin
-
surgery
-
None of the choices are correct
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
An organism found in coastal waters that causes a food infection and gastroenteritis due to a variety of contaminated raw and undercooked seafood is
Respuesta
-
Chlamydia trachomatis
-
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
-
Vibrio cholerae
-
Campylobacter jejuni
-
Helicobacter pylori
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
In patients with diabetes or liver disease, ingestion of raw oysters contaminated with this organism can lead to death
Respuesta
-
Vibrio vulnificus
-
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
-
Vibrio cholerae
-
Campylobacter jejuni
-
Helicobacter pylori
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
"Rice water stools" are associated with disease caused by this organism:
Respuesta
-
Vibrio vulnificus
-
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
-
Vibrio cholerae
-
Campylobacter jejuni
-
Helicobacter pylori
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Helicobacter pylori causes
Respuesta
-
gastritis
-
duodenal ulcers
-
stomach ulcers
-
increased risk for stomach cancer
-
All of the choices are correct
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Which is NOT a characteristic of Helicobacter pylori?
Respuesta
-
gram negative
-
produces enteroxin that causes diarrhea
-
curved rods
-
lives in the stomach
-
produces urease that buffers stomach acidity
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
All of the following are characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni except
Respuesta
-
it is transmitted through ingestion of contaminated chicken, meat, milk, and water.
-
it causes fever and a watery to bloody diarrhea.
-
it infects the stomach.
-
it produces an enterotoxin that stimulates diarrhea.
-
it has gram negative curved rods with darting motility.
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Characteristics of rickettsias include
Respuesta
-
obligate parasites requiring host cells for growth.
-
arthropods serve as life cycle hosts and vectors.
-
gram negative coccobacilli.
-
host cells are required for ATP metabolism.
-
All of the choices are correct.
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
The pathogenesis of rickettsial infections often involves infection of
Respuesta
-
endothelial lining of blood vessels
-
gastrointestinal lining
-
dermis of the skin
-
stomach mucosa
-
urinary tract
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Which is mismatched?
Respuesta
-
epidemic typhus – body louse feces
-
murine typhus – flea feces
-
rickettsial pox – mite bite
-
Rocky Mountain spotted fever – tick bite
-
human ehrlichiosis – flea bite
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Respuesta
-
is seen in highest numbers along the west coast.
-
is transmitted by Ixodes ticks
-
has symptoms that include fever, headache and rash.
-
never has severe complications.
-
All of the choices are correct.
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
All of the following pertain to erhlichiosis except
Respuesta
-
it is transmitted by Amblyomma and Ixodes ticks.
-
it causes infection of monocytes.
-
it causes infection of granulocytes.
-
has symptoms that include fever, headache, and muscle pains.
-
the disease is showing a decreased incidence.
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Which is incorrect regarding Q fever?
Respuesta
-
transmitted by lice
-
pathogen produces resistant spores
-
humans infected from unpasteurized milk and airborne spread
-
causes fever, muscle aches, rash, and sometimes pneumonia
-
is a zoonosis
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Which is mismatched?
Respuesta
-
Rickettsia rickettsii – epidemic typhus
-
Coxiella burnetii – Q fever
-
Bartonella quintana – trench fever
-
Bartonella henselae – cat scratch disease
-
Rickettsia typhi – endemic (murine) typhus
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
The following are characteristics of Chlamydias except
Respuesta
-
gram negative
-
obligate parasites that need host cells for growth
-
elementary bodies are the infectious form
-
elementary bodies lack enzyme systems for making ATP
-
reticulate bodies differentiate into elementary bodies
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Chlamydia trachomatis causes
Respuesta
-
nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) in males.
-
cervicitis in females.
-
congenital and adult inclusion conjunctivitis.
-
ocular trachoma.
-
All of the choices are correct.
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Ornithosis is
Respuesta
-
caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae.
-
a zoonosis of certain types of birds
-
a mild, upper respiratory tract illness.
-
has humans as a reservoir for the pathogen.
-
All of the choices are correct.
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Lymphogranuloma venereum is caused by
Respuesta
-
specific strains of Chlamydia trachomatis
-
Ureaplasma urealyticum
-
Mycoplasma hominis
-
Chlamydia psittaci
-
Chlamydia pneumoniae.
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which is incorrect about Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Respuesta
-
has birds as a reservoir
-
common cause of primary atypical pneumonia
-
initially causes fever, malaise, sore throat, headache
-
after 2 to 3 weeks develops into an unproductive cough and earache
-
is a bacterial cell without a cell wall
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Oral flora bacteria on the tooth surface
Respuesta
-
develop a biofilm.
-
use fimbriae and slime layers to adhere.
-
include streptococci that metabolize sucrose, produce sticky glucans, and form plaque.
-
lactobacilli and streptococci ferment carbohydrates and produce acids that cause caries.
-
All of the choices are correct.
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Gingivitis is
Respuesta
-
primarily caused by anaerobic oral flora.
-
erosion of tooth enamel causing a lesion.
-
caused by Streptococcus mutans
-
also called NUG.
-
None of the choices are correct.
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Ureaplasma urealyticum is implicated in which of the following?
Respuesta
-
nongonococcal urethritis
-
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
-
periodontal disease
-
Q fever
-
endemic typhus
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
All of the following can positively influence the structure of tooth enamel except
Respuesta
-
fluoride
-
lysozyme in saliva
-
antibodies in saliva
-
refined sugar
-
genetics.
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Treponema vincentii, Bacteroides forsythus, and fusobacteria synergistically are involved in which infection?
Respuesta
-
gingivitis
-
necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)
-
ornithosis
-
yaws
-
caries
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Which of the following distinguishes syphilis from yaws?
Respuesta
-
Syphilis is caused by a spirochete
-
Syphilis has a primary, secondary, and tertiary stages.
-
Syphilis is sexually transmitted.
-
Syphilis is treated with antibiotics.
-
Syphilis is a slow and progressive disease.
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Which of the following are other names for yaws?
Respuesta
-
bouba
-
frambesia tropica
-
patek
-
All of the choices are correct.
-
None of the choices are correct.
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Hutchinson's teeth are
Respuesta
-
a symptom of untreated Lyme disease.
-
a symptom of untreated periodontal disease.
-
a symptom of ANUG.
-
a symptom of congenital syphilis.
-
a symptom of congenital Chlamydia trachomatis.
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
The tertiary stage of syphilis
Respuesta
-
is when gummas develop in tissues.
-
is when the patient is highly infectious to others.
-
occurs within 10 days of the primary stage.
-
has no symptoms.
-
is when a chancre develops.
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Which is incorrect about Lyme disease?
Respuesta
-
It is a new disease that started in Lyme, Connecticut.
-
Its reservoirs are mice and deer
-
It is transmitted by ticks.
-
It is nonfatal.
-
It can slowly progress and mimic rheumatoid conditions.
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Which of the following diseases could be prevented with proper sewage disposal and water purification?
Respuesta
-
Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis
-
Vibrio vulnificus gastroenteritis
-
Cholera
-
Lyme disease
-
Leptospirosis
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Which is incorrect about Leptospirosis?
Respuesta
-
It can be avoided by not swimming in livestock watering ponds.
-
A vaccine is not available.
-
Its principle targets are the kidneys, liver, brain, and eyes.
-
It is a zoonosis.
-
Weil's syndrome occurs during the second phase of the disease.
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Which bacteria could be responsible for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Respuesta
-
enterotoxigeic strains of E. coli
-
Salmonella
-
Shigella dysenteriae
-
E. coli 0157:H7
-
enteroinvasive E. coli
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Which of the following is not correct concerning Legionnaires disease?
Respuesta
-
L. pneumophila lives in close associations with free-living amebas.
-
The disease is communicable from person to person.
-
Symptoms include cough, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
-
. It is more common in males over 50 years of age.
-
Cases have been traced to the fallout from the Mount Saint Helen's volcano.
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Which of the following is not correct concerning the plague?
Respuesta
-
Mice, voles and other rodents are primary long-term reservoirs.
-
Strains of the plague bacillus are less virulent today as in the Middle Ages
-
It is transmitted by flea vectors.
-
Less than 10 cases per year occur in the US.
-
The etiological agent is Yersinia pestis.
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
What is the usual cause of pseudomembranous colitis?
Respuesta
-
improperly home-preserved foods containing botulin toxin
-
eating unpasteurized dairy containing Listeria monocytogenes
-
handling infected animals contaminated with E. rhusiopathiae
-
therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics leading to superinfection by C. difficile
-
living in close contact with someone infected with C. perfringens
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Which of the following may be recommended for treating gangrene?
Respuesta
-
debridement of the wound
-
hyperbaric chamber
-
amputation of affected limb
-
rigorous cleansing of deep wounds
-
All of the choices are correct.
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Mild, uncomplicated cases of pseudomembranous colitis may be treated by
Respuesta
-
debridement
-
wound cleansing
-
vancomycin for several weeks
-
withdrawal of antibiotics and replacement of lost fluids and electrolytes
-
All of the choices are correct
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Viruses have all the following except
Respuesta
-
definite shape
-
metabolism
-
genes
-
ability to infect host cells
-
ultramicroscopic size
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
Host cells of viruses include
Respuesta
-
human and other animals
-
plants and fungi
-
bacteria
-
protozoa and algae
-
All of the choices are correct
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
The core of every virus particle always contains
Respuesta
-
DNA
-
capsomers
-
enzymes
-
DNA and RNA
-
either DNA or RNA
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Classification of viruses into families involves determining all the following characteristics except
Respuesta
-
type of nucleic acid
-
type of capsid
-
presence of an envelope
-
biochemical reactions
-
nucleic acid strand number
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Which of the following represents a virus family name?
Respuesta
-
Herpes simplex virus
-
Herpesviridae
-
Picornavirus
-
Enterovirus
-
Hepatitis B virus
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Virus capsids are made from subunits called
Respuesta
-
envelopes
-
spikes
-
capsomeres
-
prophages
-
peplomers
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus
Respuesta
-
spike
-
capsomere
-
envelope
-
capsid
-
core
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Which of the following is correct about viruses?
Respuesta
-
cannot be seen with a light microscope
-
are procaryotic
-
contain 70S ribosomes
-
undergo binary fission
-
can be grown on nutrient agar
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except they
Respuesta
-
gained as a virus leaves the host cell membrane.
-
gained as a virus leaves the nuclear membrane.
-
contain special virus proteins.
-
help the virus particle attach to host cells.
-
located between the capsid and nucleic acid.
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
Which of the following is not associated with every virus?
Respuesta
-
envelope
-
capsomers
-
capsid
-
nucleic acid
-
genome
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
These structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors
Respuesta
-
sheath
-
tail fibers
-
nucleic acid
-
capsid head
-
None of the choices are correct
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Which is incorrect about prophages?
Respuesta
-
present when the virus is in lysogeny
-
formed when viral DNA enters the bacterial chromosome
-
replicated with host DNA and passed on to progeny
-
cause lysis of host cells
-
occur when temperate phages enter host cells
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
T-even phages
Respuesta
-
include the poxviruses
-
infect Escherichia coli cells
-
enter host cells by engulfment
-
have helical capsids
-
All of the choices are correct.
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is
Respuesta
-
penetration, replication, maturation, adsorption, assembly, release.
-
replication, penetration, maturation, assembly, absorption, release.
-
adsorption, penetration, replication, maturation, assembly, release
-
assembly, maturation, replication, release, penetration, adsorption.
-
adsorption, release, maturation, replication, assembly, penetration.
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is
Respuesta
-
adsorption to the host cells
-
injection of the viral nucleic acid into the host cell
-
host cell synthesis of viral enzymes and capsid proteins
-
assembly of nucleocapsids
-
replication of viral nucleic acid
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during
Respuesta
-
replication
-
assembly
-
adsorption
-
release
-
penetration
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
Which of the following will not support viral cultivation?
Respuesta
-
live lab animals
-
embryonated bird eggs
-
primary cell cultures
-
continuous cell cultures
-
blood agar
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____.
Respuesta
-
nucleus, cytoplasm
-
cytoplasm, cell membrane
-
cell membrane, cytoplasm
-
cytoplasm, nucleus
-
nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
Host range is limited by
Respuesta
-
type of nucleic acid in the virus
-
age of the host cell
-
type of host cell receptors on cell membrane
-
size of the host cell
-
All of the choices are correct.
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
The virus-induced, specific damage to the host cell that can be seen in a light microscope is called
Respuesta
-
lysogeny
-
budding
-
plaques
-
cytopathic effects
-
pocks
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a culture are called
Respuesta
-
lysogeny
-
budding
-
plaques
-
cytopathic effects
-
pocks
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
Viral growth in bird embryos can cause discrete, opaque spots in the embryonic membranes called
Respuesta
-
lysogeny
-
budding
-
plaques
-
cytopathic effects
-
pocks
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity without symptoms are called
Respuesta
-
latent
-
oncogenic
-
prions
-
viroids
-
delta agents
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
Which of the following is a type of cytopathic effect?
Respuesta
-
inclusions in the nucleus
-
multinucleated giant cells.
-
inclusions in the cytoplasm
-
cells round up
-
All of the choices are correct.
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
Uncoating of viral nucleic acid
Respuesta
-
does not occur in bacteriophage multiplication
-
involves enzymatic destruction of the capsid
-
occurs during penetration in the multiplication cycle
-
occurs before replication
-
All of the choices are correct
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
Infectious protein particles are called
Respuesta
-
viroids
-
phages
-
prions
-
oncogenic viruses
-
spikes
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
Infectious naked strands of RNA are called
Respuesta
-
viroids
-
phages
-
prions
-
oncogenic viruses
-
spikes
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
Creutzfeld-Jacob disease is
Respuesta
-
caused by a chronic latent virus
-
initiated by an oncogenic virus
-
caused by a viroid
-
a spongiform encephalopathy of humans
-
also called "mad cow disease".
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
Satellite viruses are
Respuesta
-
also called viroids
-
dependent on other viruses for replication
-
the cause of spongiform encephalopathies
-
significant pathogens of plants
-
All of the choices are correct.
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
All of the following is correct about treating viral diseases except
Respuesta
-
viruses are killed by the same antibiotics that kill bacteria
-
many antiviral drugs block viral replication
-
many antiviral drugs cause severe side effects
-
interferons show potential for treating and preventing viral infections
-
All of the choices are correct.
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
The capsomers are made of
Respuesta
-
DNA
-
RNA
-
Lipids
-
Protein
-
Carbohydrate
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
Viruses that consist of only a nucleocapsid are considered
Respuesta
-
simple viruses
-
complex viruses
-
naked viruses
-
viroids
-
incomplete viruses
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
The nucleocapsid consists of
Respuesta
-
the capsomers assembled into the capsid
-
the nucleic acid of the virus only
-
the nucleic acid along with the capsid
-
the envelope and capsid
-
the envelope, nucleic acid and caspid
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
Which of the following parts of a virus is not always present?
Respuesta
-
envelope
-
nucleic acid
-
capsid
-
capsomers
-
None of the choices are optional parts of a virus
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
When a virus enters a lysogenic phase, it means
Respuesta
-
the virus is integrated into the DNA of the host cell and is latent.
-
the virus is bursting through the host cell membrane.
-
the virus is starting biosynthesis of its nucleic acid.
-
the virus will remain in circulation and not continue infecting its host.
-
the number of viruses in the host is decreasing as the immune system becomes effective.
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
All of the following are characteristics of viruses except
Respuesta
-
they can be crystallized.
-
they often have a geometric capsid
-
they have a viscous fluid inside their capsids
-
they can cause fatal diseases.
-
they can cause mild diseases.
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