8236741
Descripción
Test por Alexandra Bozan, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Alexandra Bozan
hace más de 7 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Compared with the inside of the cell, the outside of most cell membranes is
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-
positive
-
negative
-
equal
-
none of the above
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
The difference in electrical charge across a plasma membrane is called
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a. depolarization
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b. membrane potential
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c. both a and b
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d. none of the above
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
A neuron's resting membrane potential is
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70 mV
-
-70 mV
-
30 mV
-
-30 mV
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Which of the following statements is true concerning the sodium-potassium pump?
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-
Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every two potassium ions pumped into the neuron.
-
Two sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three potassium ions pumped into the neuron.
-
Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three chloride ions pumped into the neuron.
-
Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three potassium ions pumped into the neuron.
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be polarized.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
A slight shift away from the resting membrane potential in a specific region of the plasma membrane is often called a stimulus-gated channel.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Chlorine ions are the dominant extracellular cations
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- True
- False
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
During a relative refractory period
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an action potential is impossible
-
an action potential is possible only in response to a very strong stimuli
-
an action potential is occurring
-
none of the above
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Voltage-gated channels are
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membrane channels that close during voltage fluctuations
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ion channels that open in response to voltage fluctuations
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membrane channels that are altered from an extremely high stimulus
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none of the above
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
The larger the diameter of a nerve fiber
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the slower the speed of conduction
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the faster the speed of conduction
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Fiber diameter does not influence speed of conduction
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the more the speed fluctuates
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Action potential and nerve impulse are synonymous
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- True
- False
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
When repolarization has occurred, an impulse can't be conducted
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- True
- False
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
The action potential is an all-or-none response
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- True
- False
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Many anesthetics function by inhibiting the opening of sodium channels and thus blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses
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- True
- False
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which of the following structures is not a main component of a chemical synapse?
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synaptic knob
-
synaptic cleft
-
synaptic proces
-
plasma membrane of postsynaptic neuron
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
A synaptic knob is located on the
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synaptic cleft
-
axon
-
dendrite
-
cell body
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which of the following is true of spatial summation?
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Nuerotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs converge on one postsynaptic neuron.
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Simultaneous stimulation of more than one postsynaptic neuron occurs.
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Impulses are fired in a rapid succession by the same neuron.
-
Speed of impulse transmission is increased when several neurotransmitters are released
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
In an adult, the nervous system is replete with both electrical synapses and chemical synapses.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Rapid-succession stimulation of a postsynaptic neuron by a synaptic knob can have a cumulative effect over time that can result in an action potential.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Ca++ ions cause the release of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to
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presynaptic terminals
-
the synaptic cleft
-
the base of the axon
-
the receptors on the postsynaptic terminal
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
The main chemical classes of neurotransmitters include all of the following except
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-
acetylcholine
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norepinephrine
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amino acids
-
amine
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Which of the following is not an example of an amine neurotransmitter?
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serotonin
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histamine
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glycine
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dopamine
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in which of the following neurotransmitters?
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-
acetylcholine
-
amino acids
-
amines
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neuropeptides
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a catecholamine?
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-
epinephrine
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norepinephrine
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dopamine
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serotonin
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Many biologists now believe that neuropeptides are the most common neurotransmitters in the CNS.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Cocaine produces a temporary feeling of well-being by blocking the uptake of dopamine.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Neuroscience has advanced to a point at which the neuron doctrine has been expanded to include concepts of the [blank_start]reticular[blank_end] [blank_start]theory[blank_end].
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-
reticular
-
theory
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
The concentration of neurotransmitters at synapses in certain neural pathways can affect [blank_start]health[blank_end].
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-
health
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
[blank_start]Neurotrophins[blank_end] are nerve growth factors that are released by various cells of the body.
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-
Neurotrophins
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
When more than one presynaptic axon synapses with a single postsynaptic neuron, [blank_start]convergence[blank_end] occurs.
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-
convergence
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
When a single presynaptic axon synapses with many different postsynaptic neurons, [blank_start]divergence[blank_end] occurs.
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-
divergence
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Multiple sclerosis is a myelin disorder.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Physical injury, causing nerve damage, can cause local or widespread loss of sensation and/or motor control.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Nerve conduction does not occur due to fluctuations in the concentration of ions.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Myasthenia gravis is a bacterial disorder.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Parkinson disease is a failure to release adequate dopamine at the synapse of certain motor pathways.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
A synaptic knob is a tiny bulge at the end of the [blank_start]presynaptic[blank_end] neuron's axon.
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-
presynaptic
-
postsynaptic
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Acetylcholine is an example of a [blank_start]neurotransmitter[blank_end].
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-
neurotransmitter
-
protein molecule receptor
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that allow neurons to [blank_start]communicate[blank_end] with one another.
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-
communicate
-
reproduce
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Neurotransmitters are distributed [blank_start]specifically[blank_end] into groups of neurons.
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-
specifically
-
randomly
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Endorphins and enkephalins are neurotransmitters that inhibit conduction of [blank_start]pain[blank_end].
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-
pain
-
fear
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
A synonym commonly used for action potential is [blank_start]nerve impulse[blank_end].
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-
nerve impulse
-
depolarization
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
In myelinated fibers, action potentials in the membrane occur only at the nodes of Ranvier. This type of impulse conduction is called [blank_start]saltatory conduction[blank_end].
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-
saltatory conduction
-
postsynaptic conduction
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
A membrane that exhitbits a membrane potential is said to be [blank_start]polarized[blank_end].
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-
polarized
-
myelinated
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
A wave of electrical fluctuation that travels along the plasma membrane is called a [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] [blank_start]impulse[blank_end].
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-
nerve
-
impulse
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
The membrane potential maintained by a nonconducting neuron's plasma membrane is called the [blank_start]resting[blank_end] [blank_start]membrane[blank_end] [blank_start]potential[blank_end].
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-
resting
-
membrane
-
potential
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Movement of the membrane potential away from zero (thus below the usual RMP) is called [blank_start]hyperpolarization[blank_end].
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-
hyperpolarization
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Three structures make up a chemical synapse. They are [blank_start]plasma[blank_end] [blank_start]membrane[blank_end] [blank_start]of[blank_end] [blank_start]a[blank_end] [blank_start]postsynaptic[blank_end] [blank_start]neuron[blank_end], [blank_start]synaptic[blank_end] [blank_start]know[blank_end] and the [blank_start]synaptic[blank_end] [blank_start]cleft.[blank_end]
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plasma
-
membrane
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of
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a
-
postsynaptic
-
neuron
-
synaptic
-
knob
-
synaptic
-
cleft.
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Long-term memories (months or years) require [blank_start]structural[blank_end] changes in the synapse, such as more vesicles or more vesicle release sites.
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-
structural
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
The unique neurotransmitter that combines acetate with choline is acetylcholine. It is deactivated by [blank_start]acetylcholinesterase[blank_end].
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-
acetylcholinesterase
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
An example of a catecholamine is [blank_start]dopamine[blank_end].
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-
dopamine
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Two major function classifications of neurotransmitters are excitatory neurotransmitters and [blank_start]inhibitory[blank_end] [blank_start]neurotransmitters[blank_end].
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-
inhibitory
-
neurotransmitters
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
The function of a neurotransmitter is determined by the postsynaptic receptor.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Nuetotrophins stimulate neuron development but also can act as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators.
Respuesta
- True
- False
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