8821531
Descripción
Test por Toria Chukwuemeka, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Toria Chukwuemeka
hace más de 7 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
_____ are alternative forms of a gene that govern the same feature, such as eye color
Respuesta
-
alleles
-
loci
-
genes
-
coupled traits
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
pea plants were ell chosen for use in Mendel's breeding experiment for all of the following reasons except
Respuesta
-
peas show easily observed variations in a number of characteristics which as pea shape and flower color
-
it is possible to completely control matings between different pea plants
-
it is possible to obtain large number of progeny from any given cross
-
peas have an unusually long generation time (life span)
-
many of the observable characteristics that vary in pea plants are controlled by single genes
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
the separation of alleles of a gene takes place during
Respuesta
-
anaphase of mitosis
-
cytokinesis of mitosis
-
anaphase I of meiosis
-
telophase II of meiosis
-
cytokinesis of meiosis
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
which of the following represents the possible genotype(s) resulting from a cross between an individual homozygous (ZZ) and one heterozygous (Zz) individual?
Respuesta
-
ZZ and Zz
-
ZZ, Zz, and zz
-
ZZ only
-
Zz only
-
zz only
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Mating an individual expressing a dominant phenotype, but whose genotype is unknown, with an individual expressing the corresponding recessive phenotype is an example of
Respuesta
-
a heterozygous cross
-
an F1 cross
-
an F2 cross
-
a parental cross
-
a test cross
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
in humans, assume that the allele for brown eyes is dominant and the allele for blue eyes is recessive. If two brown-eyed individuals have a child with blue eyes, that means
Respuesta
-
both parents are homozygous for brown eyes
-
both parents are heterozygous for eye color
-
multiple alleles are involved
-
none of these
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
mendel crossed true-breeding plants having yellow peas with plants having green peas. the resulting plants all had yellow peas. An F2 cross resulted in 3/4 of the plants having yellow peas and 1/4 of the plants having green peas. What does this tell you about the alleles for color?
Respuesta
-
yellow is usually the dominant color, but sometimes green can be dominant
-
green is the dominant color
-
yellow is the dominant color
-
yellow is the recessive color
-
the F1 plants must have had some green peas that went unnoticed
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
An organism with the genotype of AaXx can produce gametes containing ____ if the two genes are unlinked
Respuesta
-
either Aa or Xx
-
either AX, Ax, aX, ax
-
AaXx
-
AX or ax
-
A,a,X,x
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
why is color blindness more common in males than in females?
Respuesta
-
because females would have to receive one copy of the recessive color blindness gene to actually express the trait
-
because a male only needs to receive one recessive allele from his mother to be color-blind
-
because color blindness is an Y-linked trait
-
females are hemizygous
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
what are the possible phenotypes of the children of the children is the mother has Type O blood and the father has AB blood?
Respuesta
-
all AB
-
A,B
-
A, AB
-
A, B, AB
-
A, B, O
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
The information carried by DNA is incorporated in a code verified by the
Respuesta
-
phosphodiester bonds of the DNA strand
-
number of separate strands of DNA
-
size of a particular chromosome
-
specific nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule
-
number is bases in a DNA strand
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which of the following nucleotide sequences represents the complement to the DNA strand 5' - AGATCCG - 3' ?
Respuesta
-
5' - AGATCCG - 3'
-
3' - AGATCCG - 5'
-
5' - CTCGAAT - 3'
-
3' - CTCGAAT - 5'
-
3' - TCTAGGC - 5'
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Transcription of RNA takes place in the
Respuesta
-
mitochondria
-
cytoplasm
-
ribosomes
-
nucleus
-
endoplasmic reticulum
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
which of the following adds new nucleotides to a growing RNA chain?
Respuesta
-
DNA polymerase
-
DNA helicase
-
RNA primer
-
RNA polymerase
-
more than one of these
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
the form of RNA the carries the code from DNA to the site where the protein is assembled his called
Respuesta
-
messenger RNA
-
nuclear RNA
-
ribosomal RNA
-
transfer RNA
-
structural RNA
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
uracil can pair with
Respuesta
-
ribose
-
adenine
-
cytosine
-
thymine
-
guanine
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
the portions of an RNA molecule that are translated are called
Respuesta
-
introns
-
exons
-
regulatory proteins
-
anticodons
-
transcriptions
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
sickle-cell anemia is caused by what type of mutation
Respuesta
-
frameshift
-
missense
-
nonsense
-
silent
-
viral
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The inner surface of epithelial tissue rests on a
Respuesta
-
layer os adipose tissue
-
basement membrane / extracellular matrix
-
mix of cells and polysaccharides
-
mix of cells and proteins
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
the principal difference between simple and stratified epithelium is in the number of
Respuesta
-
cell layers
-
total cells
-
nuclei per cell
-
free surfaces
-
microvilli
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
what type of tissue is blood?
Respuesta
-
epithelial
-
muscular
-
connective
-
adipose
-
noncellular fluid
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
impulses are received by nerve cells through
Respuesta
-
an axon
-
any process that is long enough to reach the receptor
-
numerous dendrites
-
the intervention of the neuroglia
-
chondrocytes
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
an _____ is a combination of two or more kinds of tissue that together perform one or more functions
Respuesta
-
organ
-
cell
-
organ system
-
connective tissue
-
neuroglial cell
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
at rest, a nerve cell has a
Respuesta
-
negative membrane potential
-
difference of -70mV comparing the inside to the outside
-
resting potential
-
all of these are correct
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
for sodium to accumulate rapidly inside a neuron cell membrane,
Respuesta
-
a stimulus above the threshold open sodium gates
-
the wave of depolarization must occur to reestablish a resting potential
-
there must be a dramatic increases in the negative charge of the cytoplasm
-
the potassium gates must open first
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
which of the following would not be considered part of the peripheral nervous system?
Respuesta
-
the eyes
-
the spinal cord
-
afferent neurons
-
the ears
-
efferent neurons
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
afferent neurons
Respuesta
-
transmit information to the central nervous system
-
provide support for the neurons
-
transmit information from the central nervous system to effectors
-
are part of the central nervous system
-
connect motor and sensory neurons
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
what happens immediately following the closing of the sodium gates during an action potential?
Respuesta
-
sodium ions enter the cell
-
sodium ions leave the cell
-
potassium ions enter the cell
-
potassium ions leave the cell
-
calcium ions leave the cell
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
the membrane-bound enzyme system that helps to maintain the resting membrane potential is which of the following pumps
Respuesta
-
sodium-phosphorus
-
sodium-potassium
-
sodium-chlorine
-
phosphorus-calcium
-
phosphorus-chlorine
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
which form of RNA carries the code from the lac operon to the site where the protein is assembled?
Respuesta
-
messenger RNA
-
nuclear RNA
-
ribosomal RNA
-
transfer RNA
-
structural RNA
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
genes may be
Respuesta
-
turned on and off (regulated)
-
activated for only a short time in one cell and a long time in another cell
-
turned on and left on (constitutive)
-
two of these are correct
-
all of these are correct
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
co-repressors in a repressible system bind to the ____ and make the operon _____
Respuesta
-
operator, inactive
-
repressor, inactive
-
operator, active
-
repressor, active
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
RNA polymerase must have access to the DNA helix and be able to bind to the ___ in order for a gene to be transcribed
Respuesta
-
activator
-
regulator
-
promotor
-
operator
-
repressor
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
the lac genes of E. coli are transcribe in the presence of lactose because
Respuesta
-
RNA polymerase binds to the operator
-
the repressor cannot bind to the promoter
-
as isomer of lactose binds to the repressor
-
none of these is correct
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
which of the following applies to an inducible system?
Respuesta
-
a repressor protein, which is bound to DNA in absence of any other factor
-
a repressor protein, which is bound to DNA in the presence of a corepressor
-
an activator protein, which is bound to DNA in absence of any other factor
-
an activator protein, which is bound to DNA in the absence of an inhibitor
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
which of the following lists the correct sequence of events involved in cell signaling in paracrine signaling between two cells?
Respuesta
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amplifying, signal transducing, receiving, responding
-
signal transducing, sending, receiving, terminating
-
sending, signal transducing, receiving, amplifying
-
receiving, sending, signal transducing, responding
-
sending, receiving, signal transducing, responding
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
a receptor on the cell surface usually has several domains. The functions of the external domain is
Respuesta
-
transmitting the signal to the inside of the cell
-
holding the receptor within the membrane
-
attaching the receptor to the DNA
-
function as an enzyme
-
binding the signaling molecule/ligand
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
a protein kinase directly catalyzes the reaction in which
Respuesta
-
a protein becomes glycosylated
-
a protein is phosphorylated (gains a phosphate group)
-
genes are transcribed
-
all of those
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
what does the term dominant mean?
Respuesta
-
it is the allele that is expressed in heterozygous organisms
-
it is the allele (and phenotype) that is more beneficial to the organism
-
it is the only type of allele that can be transmitted to future generations
-
it is the phenotype that will be exhibited in every individual, in every generation
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
the physical appearance an organism exhibites for a particular trait is called the
Respuesta
-
genotype
-
synapsis
-
genetics
-
dominance
-
phenotype
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
the physical position of a gene along a chromosome is its
Respuesta
-
trait
-
locus
-
allele
-
chromatid
-
none of the above
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
which genetic inheritance principle(s) was/were proven by gregor mendel using a cross that examined a single trait of Pisum sativum
Respuesta
-
dominance
-
independent assortment
-
two of these
-
segregation
-
all of these
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
a heterozygous male hamster is crossed with a female hamster that is homozygous recessive. If they produce 100 offspring, which answer below is the most reasonable number of heterozygotes produced?
Respuesta
-
100
-
51
-
24
-
0
-
none of these is a realistic possibility
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
mendel found that tall plants and yellow peas are dominant in the Pisum satvium plant. What is the expected phenotype for a pea plant with the genotype Ttyy?
Respuesta
-
tall with yellow peas
-
short with yellow peas
-
heterozygous
-
Ty
-
tall with green peas
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
how many alleles are present for a single gene in a typical gamete?
Respuesta
-
depends on the organism
-
more than two
-
two
-
one
-
none
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
in a typical mendellian monohybrid F1 x F1 cross, what percentage of offspring should have a homozygous recessive genotype?
Respuesta
-
50
-
25
-
75
-
100
-
0
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
a lizard with a striped tail and solid head is crossed with one having a solid tail and spotted head. All of their offspring have solid tails and solid heads. Which of the following could be a parental genotype?
Respuesta
-
TtHh
-
Tthh
-
ttHH
-
TTHH
-
tthh
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
a genetic cross is conducted. The phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1. What conclusion can be drawn?
Respuesta
-
there are four separate genes involved
-
this is a test cross
-
this cross supports the idea of independent assortment, as described by mendel
-
this genotypic ratio is 3:1
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
the following cross was set up
AAbb x aaBB
What percentage of offspring will exhibit a dominant phenotype for gene A?
Respuesta
-
100%
-
25%
-
50%
-
monohybrid
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
molly has a crop of red raspberries, produced from 10 generations of red raspberries. For all 10 generations, the raspberry bushes have been thornless. Daniel has a crop of black raspberries, produced from 10 generations of black raspberries. For all 10 generations, the raspberry bushes have had thorns. Suppose Molle and Daniel cross their plants and all offspring are Red Thorny. Which gametes will those red thorny offspring produce?
Respuesta
-
Rt, Rt, rT, rt
-
Rt, rT
-
RT, Rt
-
RrTt
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
yen has a crop of red roses, produced from 10 generations of red raspberries. For all 10 generations, the rose bushes have been thornless. Usman has a crop of black roses, produced from 10 generations of black roses. For all 10 generations, the raspberry bushes have had thorns. If yen and usman cross their plants, what phenotype would be exhibited by the offspring?
Respuesta
-
RRTT
-
black thornless
-
thorny thornless
-
red thornless
-
cannot determine
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
in string beans, green is dominant to yellow, and long beans are dominant to short. A plant that has long yellow beans is crossed with a plant that has short green beans. All of the offspring are identical to each other. Predict the parental genotypes
Respuesta
-
GgLl x GgLl
-
GgLl x ggll
-
GGLL x ggll
-
GGll x ggLL
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
two heterozygous hamsters are crossed. what percentage of their offspring will likely be homozygous dominant?
Respuesta
-
33%
-
50%
-
25%
-
0%
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
an individual who has trisomy 21 (Downs syndrome) has ___ total chromosomes per cell
Respuesta
-
47
-
21
-
26
-
24
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
a human gamete is found to possess 24 chromosomes. which of the following statements is correct?
Respuesta
-
the gamete is normal
-
nondisjunction occurred during zygote formation
-
nondisjunction occurred during meiosis
-
none of these is correct
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
in a certain small mammal, spotted tongue is caused by an X-linked recessive gene. In one litter, there are 2 females with spotted tongues, 1 male with spotted tongue, and 1 male without spotted tongue. What is the phenotype of the father?
Respuesta
-
cannot determine
-
dominant
-
recessive
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
in a certain iris flower variety, gene "Q" controls seed color, and it controls susceptibility to a disease. this gene exhibits
Respuesta
-
additive dominance
-
variegation
-
pleiotropy
-
codominance
-
incomplete dominance
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
which trait in humans is known to exhibit multiple alleles?
Respuesta
-
sickle cell disease
-
color blindness
-
hemophilia
-
blood typing antigens
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
an individual is homozygous recessive for colorblindness (XcXc). which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
Respuesta
-
the individual's mother is colorblind
-
the individual is a male
-
the indidual's father is not colorblind
-
none of these can be correct
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
a child has blood type O. His mother has blood type A. It is not possible for his father to have blood type:
Respuesta
-
AB
-
O
-
A
-
B
-
more than one choice is correct
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
Zachary has hemophilia, and X-linked condition. His fiancee, Taylor, does not hace the condition nor does she carry an allele for it. Which statement concerning their potential offspring is correct?
Respuesta
-
100% of their daughters will carry the hemophilia allele
-
50% of their daughters will have hemophilia
-
none of their sons will have hemophilia
-
100% of their children will have hemophilia
-
more than one of these is correct
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
the central dogma of genetics outlines the transfer of geneti information as follows:
Respuesta
-
translation > transcription > replication
-
translation > replication > transcription
-
transcription > translation > replication
-
replication > transcription > translation
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
which of the following statements about DNA is false
Respuesta
-
DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose
-
DNA does not contain uracil
-
DNA is found in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells
-
DNA is usually double-stranded rather than single-stranded
-
all of these statements is false
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
in ____, the total number if purines is equal to the total number of pyrimidines
Respuesta
-
single-stranded DNA
-
single-stranded RNA
-
double-stranded DNA
-
more than one of these
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
a double stranded SNA molecule is analyzed. on strand 1, there is a adenosine at the 3' terminus. based on this information, which of the following statements is correct?
Respuesta
-
on strand 2, there is a uracil at the 5' terminus
-
on strand 2, there is a adenosine at the 5' terminus
-
on strand 2, there is a thymidine at the 5' terminus
-
on strand 2, there is a thymidine at the 3' terminus
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
the enzyme ___ catalyzes phosphodiester bonds in a growing deoxynucleotide strand
Respuesta
-
more than one of these
-
RNA polymerase
-
DNA polymerase
-
DNA helicase
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Place the following events of DNA replication in the proper sequence
(A) the hydrogen bonds holding two strands together break, allowing the strands to separate
(B) phosphodiester bonds form between the nucleotide substrates
(C) free-floating nucleotide substrates align with complimentary nucleotides on the template
(D) the coils in the helix unwind
(E) hydrogen bonds form between template strands and newly synthesized strands
Respuesta
-
DACBE
-
ECBAD
-
DCBAE
-
DACEB
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
a nucleotide monomer, when incorporated into a growing polynucleotide strand, is ___
Respuesta
-
added to the 5' end of the DNA or RNA molecule
-
added to the 3' end of the DNA or the 5' RNA molecule
-
added to the 3' end of the DNA or RNA molecule
-
none of these is correct
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
which of the following is not directly needed for transcription to occur
Respuesta
-
nucleotide monomers
-
DNA polymerase enzymes
-
a promoter
-
DNA
-
all of these are required
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
complementary and anti-parallel describes with of the following?
Respuesta
-
DNA template:RNA during transcription
-
ssDNA
-
dsDNA
-
two of these
-
all of these
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
sequences of nucleotides that ARE translated include
Respuesta
-
exons
-
codons
-
anticodons
-
two previous choices are correct
-
three previous choices are correct
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
there are only 20,000 genes in human beings. Which of the following is not a way that the usefulness of a limited number of genes could be maximized?
Respuesta
-
the amount of an mRNA in a particular cell could be regulated by its stability
-
alternative splicing could allow for one gene to produce different proteins with different function
-
certain genes could be turned on in some cell types but not in others contributing to different phenotypes in different cells
-
all of these are ways that the usefulness of a limited number of genes could be maximized
-
more than one of these are ways that the usefulness of a limited number of genes could be maximized
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
which type of nucleic acid contains the codon sequence found in the chart used to determine the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide?
Respuesta
-
ribosomal RNA
-
transfer RNA
-
messenger RNA
-
template DNA strand
-
more than one of these
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
the genetic code is redundant. this means that:
Respuesta
-
some codons code for more than one amino acid
-
more than one ribosome can bind to an mRNA molecule
-
there is more than one stop codon in the genetic code
-
some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
as depicted in the central dogma, ____ is necessary to pass traits to future generations, whereas ____ are necessary for gene expression
Respuesta
-
replication; transcription and translation
-
transcription; translation and replication
-
translation; replication and transcription
-
none of these
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
which of the following is a small, circular DNA molecule, found in bacteria, and is used as a vector (a carrier that can transport a DNA fragment to a desired location?)
Respuesta
-
probe
-
plasmid
-
transformation
-
restriction enzyme
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
a certain gene contains 60 nucleotides. close to when transcription of the gene begins, one extra nucleotide is inserted into the growing RNA. as a result, the polypeptide later produced ____
Respuesta
-
will most likely have one fewer amino acids
-
will most likely contain one altered amino acid
-
will most likely contain several incorrect amino acids due to a frameshift
-
will most likely contain one extra amino acid
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
the transcriptionally regulated genes within an operon that code for the proteins needed to achieve the operon's overall goal are called the
Respuesta
-
repressible
-
regulatory
-
inducible
-
structural
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
which gene segment is positioned in between the promoter and the structural genes?
Respuesta
-
the RNA polymerase
-
the operator
-
the repressor protein
-
the codon
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
some operons are considered inducible while others are repressible. which situation describes the lac operon and trp operons?
Respuesta
-
lac is inducible; trp is repressible
-
both are inducible
-
lac is repressible; trp is inducible
-
both are repressible
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
an E. coli cell is growing in an environment that contains no lactose and no trytophan. which genes would you expect to be actively expressed in this cell?
Respuesta
-
the trp E structural gene
-
the lac Z gene
-
the regulatory gene that is the lac operon
-
two of the previos choices are correct
-
all of the previous choices are correct
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
the expression of a certain gene was recently studied in a large number of cells from a large number of individuals. in every cell type and in every organism the rate of gene expression was the same. this suggests that the gene is
Respuesta
-
controlled in a repressible operon
-
controlled in an inducible operon
-
catabolic
-
constitutively expressed
-
not easily classified
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
a certain infectious bacterium uses five enzymes to synthesize its disease causing components. all five of these enzymes are produced together in the bacterial cell. the region of the bacterial DNA that contains the genes for these enzymes is most precisely called a(n)
Respuesta
-
vector
-
regulatory region
-
chromosome
-
operon
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
which portion of the lac operon must be attached to something (i.e. an outside molecule) for initiation of transcription of the structural genes to occur?
Respuesta
-
structural gene D
-
structural gene E
-
the lac promoter region
-
the lac operator region
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
a bacterial culture can produce molecule Z. production is reduced when molecule Z is produced by the cells in large amounts or when it is added by a researcher to the growth medium. production of molecule Z is
Respuesta
-
sporadic
-
constitutive
-
controlled by a repressible operon
-
controlled by an inducible operon
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
what is the primary goal of the lac operon in E. coli?
Respuesta
-
to break lactose into its subunits
-
to use lactose as a molecular building block
-
to synthesize lactose from smaller components
-
all of the above
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
in the lac operon, what would be the result of a defect in the operator site that prevented repressor attachment?
Respuesta
-
the repressor would attach to the promoter
-
the operon would be permanently turned on
-
the structural genes would not be expressed
-
the operon would be permanently turned off
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
which gene codes for a catabolic enzyme?
Respuesta
-
gene E in the trp operon
-
gene z in the lac operon
-
gene a in the trp operon
-
the operator segment in the lac operon
-
none of these
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
which characteristics of eukaryotes present challenges to our study of gene regulation?
1. relatively short life span and lack of developmental changes
2. increased size of the eukaryotic genome
3. multicellularity with cell specialization
4. simplistic internal cell anatomy
Respuesta
-
all four charateristics
-
characteristic 2 and 3
-
characteristic 2, 3, and 4
-
characteristic 3, exclusively
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
tightly fitted sheets of cells are observed in ____ tissues
Respuesta
-
cartilage
-
blood
-
epithelial
-
connective
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
the ability to exert force by contracting is observed in _____ tissues
Respuesta
-
muscle
-
nervous
-
epithelial
-
blood
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
the linings of blood vessels are called ____ but are categorized as simple squamous epithelium
Respuesta
-
exovascular
-
endothelium
-
ectothelium
-
epicardium
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
autocrine signaling differs from other types of signaling in that the signaling molecule
Respuesta
-
is received by the same cell that sends it
-
acts on nearby cells
-
binds to a receptor
-
is secreted by neurons only
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
channel-linked receptors such as those that bind to neurotransmitters
Respuesta
-
can be ligand-gated or voltage gated
-
must be located on a cell membrane like the plasma membrane
-
allow for movement of ions down their concentration gradients
-
two of these are correct
-
all of these are correct
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
of the four steps in neural signaling, which one involves sorting and interpretation of stimuli?
Respuesta
-
transmission
-
integration
-
reception
-
none of these
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
stimuli are often converted to electrical signals by
Respuesta
-
sensory receptors
-
glial cells
-
autonomic nerves
-
efferent neurons
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
which of the following conditions can provide environmental information to a sensory receptor?
Respuesta
-
molecular concentration
-
pressure changes and vibrations
-
light and heat
-
two of these
-
all of the above
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
the conversion of stimulus energy into an energy form that can be communicated to the central nervous system is called
Respuesta
-
adaptation
-
reception
-
summation
-
transduction
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
free nerve endings are involved in the sense of
Respuesta
-
smell
-
sight
-
pain
-
touch
-
taste
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
the ability for visual accommodation is possessed by
Respuesta
-
insects and vertebrates
-
vertebrates, sea stars, and hydra
-
vertebrates
-
vertebrates, flatworms, and crustaceans
Pregunta 101
Pregunta
which of the following statements is false?
Respuesta
-
cones allow us to see colors
-
the fovea portion of the retina has a high concentration of rods and a low concentration of cones
-
rods are more sensitive to dim light than cones
-
all of the statements are false
Pregunta 102
Pregunta
which statement is false?
Respuesta
-
the sclera controls the amount of light that enters the pupil
-
the retina contains photoreceptors
-
the cornea is transparent
-
ciliary muscles are necessary for accommodation
Pregunta 103
Pregunta
the first focusing element in a vertebrate eye from the front to the back is the
Respuesta
-
cornea
-
iris
-
lens
-
retina
Pregunta 104
Pregunta
___ is an accumulation of excess connetive tissue on the lens, resulting in visual impairment
Respuesta
-
cataract
-
farsightedness
-
an astigmatism
-
glaucoma
Pregunta 105
Pregunta
which portion of the human ear contains sensor receptors
Respuesta
-
tympanic membrane
-
cochlea
-
semicircular canals
-
pinna
-
more than one of these
Pregunta 106
Pregunta
place the parts of the ear in the correct order as sound waves are received by the outer ear for transduction to a receptor potential for hearing
1. incus
2. malleus
3. stapes
4. tympanic membrane
5. semicircular canals
6. cochlea
Respuesta
-
42135
-
21346
-
42136
-
51236
Pregunta 107
Pregunta
the direction of information flow in a single neuron is from the ___ to the ___ and finally to the ___.
Respuesta
-
dendrite, cell body, synaptic terminus, axon
-
synaptic terminus, cell body, dendrite, axon
-
dendrite, cell body, axon, synaptic terminus
-
axon, cell body, synaptic terminus, dendrite
Pregunta 108
Pregunta
as organisms exhibiting bilateral symmetry evolved, nervous systems exhibiting ___ developed
Respuesta
-
nerve cords running anterior > posterior
-
a center of coordination
-
neurons with specific functions
-
greater numbers of neurons (per body mass)
-
all of the above
Pregunta 109
Pregunta
the triple layer of tissues which surround and protect the central nervous system are called the
Respuesta
-
meninges
-
glial cells
-
appendicular skeleton
-
neuromuscular junction
Pregunta 110
Pregunta
in humans, ___ nerves prepare our organs to respond to stressful situations
Respuesta
-
sympathetic
-
somatic
-
cerebral
-
parasympathetic
Pregunta 111
Pregunta
the presence of a myelin sheath can increase the
Respuesta
-
speed of the impulse
-
threshold value
-
resting potential
-
intensity of an impulse
Pregunta 112
Pregunta
a single neuron sends a message along its axon. the message is sent back to an earlier neuron in the pathway, causing positive feedback. this type of neural citcuit is called
Respuesta
-
reverbrating
-
convergent
-
divergent
-
reflex
Pregunta 113
Pregunta
which of the following would you expect to have the greatest influence on the generation of action potentials in neurons?
Respuesta
-
ion concentration
-
pH
-
hydration levels
-
temperature
Pregunta 114
Pregunta
which scenario best describes the generation of an action potential in a neuron?
Respuesta
-
influx of calciumm depolarizes the cell and efflux of hydrogen replarizes the cell
-
influx of potassium depolarizes the cell and efflux of calcium repolarizes the cell
-
influx of potassium depolarizes the cell and efflux of sodium repolarizes the cell
-
influx of sodium depolarizes the cell and efflux of potassium repolarizes the cell
Pregunta 115
Pregunta
an impulse travels to the pre-synaptic terminal of a neuron, which of the following is the most direct response to this occurence?
Respuesta
-
ion channels on the post-synaptic cell open
-
neurotransmitters attach to the post-synaptic cell
-
an influx of calcium causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the cell membrane
-
sodium ions leave the neuron
Pregunta 116
Pregunta
if the neurotransmitter glycine caused negatively charged ions to enter a resting neuron, it would create a(n) ___ state
Respuesta
-
depolarized
-
excitatory
-
reflexive
-
hyperpolarized
Pregunta 117
Pregunta
which of the following are components of the central nervous system?
Respuesta
-
optic nerve
-
the cerebrum
-
femoral nerve (in the thigh)
-
radial nerve (in the arm and wrist)
-
more than one choice is correct
Pregunta 118
Pregunta
in multicellular organism, tissues that maintain homeostasis by responding to nerve impulses formed after a stimulus are called ____
Respuesta
-
effectors
-
sensory tissues
-
immunogens
-
neural tissues
Pregunta 119
Pregunta
why are skeletons useful in achieving locomotion?
Respuesta
-
movement of skeleton components push muscles
-
ions contained in skeletal tissue sreve as neurotransmitters at neuromuscular junctions
-
they provide a stationary point of resistance to muscle contraction
-
ions contained in skeletal tissue initiate muscle contraction
Pregunta 120
Pregunta
exoskeletons are present in ___
Respuesta
-
cnidarian (hydras)
-
vertebrates (horses)
-
mollusks (snail)
-
two of the previous choices are correct
Pregunta 121
Pregunta
bones of limbs are ___
Respuesta
-
axial
-
terminal
-
appendicular
-
cranial
Pregunta 122
Pregunta
the vertebrae are ___
Respuesta
-
the bones to which the femurs are attached
-
the subunits of the spinal cord
-
the layers of protective tissue around peripheral nerves
-
the bones of the wrist and ankle
-
none of the previous choices is correct
Pregunta 123
Pregunta
the point of a skeleton where bones are connected to each other in a hinge is called a ___
Respuesta
-
ligament
-
joint
-
tendon
-
cartilage
Pregunta 124
Pregunta
when a muscle contracts, it pulls on a ___ which then pulls on a ___
Respuesta
-
ligament ... joint
-
tendon ... bone
-
joint ... tendon
-
bone ... tendon
Pregunta 125
Pregunta
ATP hydrolysis is essential for ___
Respuesta
-
muscle relaxation
-
muscle contraction
-
both
-
neither
Pregunta 126
Pregunta
the organizational unit known as an osteon is a component of ___
Respuesta
-
spongy bone
-
cardiac muscle
-
joints
-
compact bone
Pregunta 127
Pregunta
a certain individual has an elevated number of osteoclasts and a reduced number of osteoblasts. which of the following health conditions might result from this?
Respuesta
-
bone spurs
-
muscle spasms
-
muscle degeneration
-
osteoporosis
Pregunta 128
Pregunta
which type of muscle is striated and responds to involuntary neural signals?
Respuesta
-
skeletal
-
smooth
-
cardiac
-
more than one of these is correct
Pregunta 129
Pregunta
a tube-shaped component in a muscle fiber, composed of overlapping myofilaments, is known as ___
Respuesta
-
a sarcolemma
-
a T tubule
-
a myofibril
-
a muscle
Pregunta 130
Pregunta
each time the tricep muscle in your upper arm contracts,
Respuesta
-
the biceps muscle in the opposite arm relaxes
-
the biceps muscle in the same arm contracts
-
the biceps muscle in the same arm relaxes
-
the biceps muscle in the opposite arm contracts
Pregunta 131
Pregunta
according to the sliding filament theory, when a skeletal muscle contracts, ___
Respuesta
-
the myosin filaments get shorter
-
the Z lines of a sarcomere move away from each other
-
the actin filaments get shorter
-
none of the above occurs
Pregunta 132
Pregunta
which of the following is associated with muscle fatigue and cramping?
Respuesta
-
lactic acid accumulation
-
hemoglobin depletion
-
calcium deficiency
-
ADP depletion
Pregunta 133
Pregunta
acetylcholine would most likely be found ___
Respuesta
-
in T tubules
-
in a sarcoplasmic reticulum
-
attached to microfilaments
-
in a neuromuscular junction
-
none of the choices is correct
Pregunta 134
Pregunta
what is a cross-bridge?
Respuesta
-
the connection between a neuron and a muscle
-
the connection that forms between actin and myosin
-
the connection between two osteons
-
the connection between a joint and two bones
Pregunta 135
Pregunta
high oxygen concentration in blood enables a high metabolic rate and greater level of activity/physical exertion. based on relative activity levels and respiratory and circulatory system complexity, which organism would you expect to have the highest clood O2?
Respuesta
-
frog
-
bird
-
crocodile
-
snake
-
all how rougly the same blood O2
Pregunta 136
Pregunta
which os the following have open circulatory systems
Respuesta
-
cnidarians
-
platyhelminthes
-
both of these
-
neither of these
Pregunta 137
Pregunta
new red blood cells are synthesized by ___
Respuesta
-
bone marrow
-
spleen
-
mature red blood cells
-
muscles
Pregunta 138
Pregunta
the oxygen carrier molecule hemoglobin is an essential compoent of ___
Respuesta
-
erythrocytes
-
red and white blood cells and platelets
-
red blood cells and white blood cells
-
platelets and red blood cells
Pregunta 139
Pregunta
the cellular fragment ___ is necessary for normal blood clotting ability
Respuesta
-
hemoglobin
-
platelets
-
carbon dioxide
-
plasma
Pregunta 140
Pregunta
blood is composed of cellular components, suspended in a fluid. which of the following best describes the proportion of cells to fluids in blood?
Respuesta
-
the proportion varies greatly from individual to individual assuming the individuals are well hydrated and do not have a cancer of the blood
-
there is a roughly equal amount of fluid and cells
-
there are many more cells than there is fluid
-
there is much more fluid than cellular material
Pregunta 141
Pregunta
the main difference between arteries and veins is that arteries
Respuesta
-
carry blood containing a higher concentration of oxygen
-
take blood away from the heart
-
carry blood containing a higher concentration of carbon dioxide
-
more than one of these is correct
Pregunta 142
Pregunta
where is blood pressure the lowest?
Respuesta
-
all are the same
-
pulmonary artery
-
dorsal aorta
-
vena cava
Pregunta 143
Pregunta
the superior and inferior vena cava deliver ___ blood to the ____
Respuesta
-
oxygenated ... right ventricle
-
deoxygenated ... right atrium
-
oxygenated ... left atrium
-
deoxygenated ... left atrium
Pregunta 144
Pregunta
which sequence correctly describes the pulmonary circuit?
Respuesta
-
right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary arteries > pulmonary capillaries in lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium
-
right atrium > left atrium > pulmonary arteries > pulmonary capillaries in lungs > pulmonary veins > right ventricle
-
right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary veins > pulmonary capillaries in lungs > pulmonary arteries > left atrium
-
left atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary arteries > pulmonary capillaries in lungs > pulmonary veins > right atrium
Pregunta 145
Pregunta
the presence of two circulatory pathways (systemic and pulmonary) is typically observed in ___
Respuesta
-
birds
-
fishes
-
earthworms
-
hydra
Pregunta 146
Pregunta
the blood vessels that contain valves are called ___
Respuesta
-
arteries
-
arterioles
-
capillaries
-
veins
-
more than one of these
Pregunta 147
Pregunta
the spleen is a part of the ___ system
Respuesta
-
reproductive
-
cardiovascular
-
disgestive
-
immune
Pregunta 148
Pregunta
which os the following is a connection between the lymphatic system and the circulatory system?
Respuesta
-
the lymph system synthesizes erythrocytes for the blood
-
the lymph system collects and delivers interstitial fluid back to the blood
-
arteris are part of the lymphatic system
-
they are not related
Pregunta 149
Pregunta
respiratory systems in insects use ___ to transport oxygen directly into tissues
Respuesta
-
alveoli
-
gills
-
bronchi
-
tracheoles
-
all of the above
Pregunta 150
Pregunta
gas exchange is best accomplished by moving air across a ___ membrane
Respuesta
-
dry, thin
-
positively charged, dry
-
negatively charged, thick
-
moist, thin
Pregunta 151
Pregunta
during ___ the diaphragm relaxes, the chest cavity contracts, and air is expelled
Respuesta
-
inspiration
-
inhalation
-
none of these
-
expiration
Pregunta 152
Pregunta
which sequence of structures is correct (exterior > interior)
Respuesta
-
alveolus, trachea, bronchiole, bronchus
-
bronchus, trachea, bronchiole, alveolus
-
trachea, bronchiole, bronchus, alveolus
-
trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus
Pregunta 153
Pregunta
microbial infection of the bronchi, leading to airway obstruction and inflammation is called ___
Respuesta
-
emphysema
-
bronchitis
-
asthma
-
cystic fibrosis
Pregunta 154
Pregunta
in non-specific immunity, repeated exposure to a pathogen ___
Respuesta
-
increases the strength but decreases the speed of the immune response
-
decreases the speed and strength of the immune response
-
has no affect of the speed or strength of the immune response
-
increases the speed of the immune response
Pregunta 155
Pregunta
non-specific immunity is ___, while specific immunity is ___
Respuesta
-
induced ... suppressed
-
suppressed ... induced
-
acquired ... innate
-
innate ... acquired
Pregunta 156
Pregunta
interactions between infectious materials and antibodies are the central aspect of ___
Respuesta
-
physiologic immunity
-
non-specific immunity
-
humoral immunity
-
cell-mediated immunity
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