9775899
Descripción
Test por Sharlotte Whiteley, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Sharlotte Whiteley
hace casi 7 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
All of the following represent examples of nonspecific immunity except:
Respuesta
-
species resistance
-
phagocytosis
-
cell-mediated immunity
-
mechanical and chemical barriers
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
The body's first line(s) of defense is(are) the:
Respuesta
-
skin
-
mucous membranes
-
inflammatory response
-
all except inflammatory response
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Inflammation mediators include:
Respuesta
-
histamine
-
kinins
-
prostoglandins
-
all of the above
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
The most numerous type of phagocyte is the:
Respuesta
-
neutrophil
-
histocyte
-
microglia
-
Kupffer cell
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
The type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything recognized as "not self" is called:
Respuesta
-
nonspecific immunity
-
specific immunity
-
autoimmune
-
none of the above
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
All of the following are major types of interferon except_________interferon.
Respuesta
-
cartilage
-
leukocyte
-
immune
-
fibroblast
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
B cell mechanisms are classified as ________immunity.
Respuesta
-
nonspecific
-
antibody-mediated
-
cell-mediated
-
Both A and B are correct
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Macromolecules that induce the immune system to make certain responses are called:
Respuesta
-
antigens
-
plasma proteins
-
antibodies
-
prostaglandins
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Memory Cells:
Respuesta
-
immediately secrete antibodies when they are formed
-
are supporting cells and are not related to antibody production.
-
are a special type of T cell.
-
become plasma cells when exposed to an antigen
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
The constant region of the light chain in an antibody consists of ______amino acids.
Respuesta
-
50
-
77
-
106
-
168
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
An immunoglobulin, or antibody molecule, consists of ___heavy and ___ light polypeptide chains.
Respuesta
-
two:two
-
four:two
-
two:four
-
four:four
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
The antibody normally constituting the highest percentage of antibodies in the blood is:
Respuesta
-
IgE
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgA
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the following does not describe phagocytosis?
Respuesta
-
The ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles
-
Part of the inflammatory response
-
A major component of the body's third line of defense
-
A nonspecific defense
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
The antibody produced after initial contact with an antigen is:
Respuesta
-
IgE
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgA
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
The antibody commonly found in tears and saliva
Respuesta
-
IgE
-
IgD
-
IgM
-
IgA
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
The function of which antibody is basically unknown?
Respuesta
-
IgE
-
IgD
-
IgM
-
IgA
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
The antibody associated with allergic reaction is:
Respuesta
-
IgE
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgA
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The major class of antibody present in the mucous membranes of the body is:
Respuesta
-
IgG
-
IgE
-
IgA
-
IgD
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The predominant antibody of a secondary response is:
Respuesta
-
IgE
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgA
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The most abundant circulating antibody, the one that normally makes up about 75% of all the antibodies in the blood, is:
Respuesta
-
IgG
-
IgA
-
IgE
-
IgM
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Complement can best be described as a(n):
Respuesta
-
enzyme in blood
-
lymphokine
-
antibody
-
hormone
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
The complement system can be activated by:
Respuesta
-
the binding of complement protein 1 to the complement-binding site on the antibody molecule.
-
the binding of complement protein 3 to bacteria or viruses in the presence of properdin
-
nonspecific immune mechanisms
-
all of the above
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
The complement system can be activated by:
Respuesta
-
the chemicals secreted by the lymphocytes
-
the proximity of the lymphocytes to the antigens.
-
the shapes of receptors on the lymphocyte's plasma membrane
-
producing toxins.
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Which of the following can activate complement?
Respuesta
-
T Cells
-
Interferon
-
Properdin
-
Lymphokin
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Which of the following is true of lymphokines?
Respuesta
-
They are produced by B cells.
-
They inhibit macrophage activity
-
Lymphotoxin is an example of a lymphokine
-
They are produced by helper T cells
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Specific immunity is controlled by two classes of lymphocytes called:
Respuesta
-
antigens and antibodies
-
T cells and B cells
-
red blood cells and white blood cells
-
agglutinogens and agglutinins
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Which of the following can activate, or turn on, an inactive B cell?
Respuesta
-
Binding to its specific antibody
-
Binding to its specific antigen
-
Helper T Cell
-
All B cells are activated when an infant is born
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
The part of the antibody that combines with the antigen is the:
Respuesta
-
variable region
-
constant region
-
carbohydrate chain
-
complement-binding site
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
The chemical messengers that T cells release into inflamed tissues are called:
Respuesta
-
pathogens
-
lymphokines
-
lymphotoxins
-
suppressor cells
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
The type of immunity produced by vaccination would be ______immunity.
Respuesta
-
active natural
-
passive natural
-
active artificial
-
passive artificial
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
When a child develops measles and acquires immunity to a subsequent infection, this type of immunity is called______immunity.
Respuesta
-
acquired
-
natural
-
active
-
All of above are correct
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Interferon inhibits the spread of:
Respuesta
-
viruses
-
bacteria
-
cancer
-
yeast
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Examples of lymphocytes are:
Respuesta
-
B cells
-
T cells
-
Both A and B
-
none of the above
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Macrophages sensitize:
Respuesta
-
T cells
-
B cells
-
T cells and B cells
-
None of the above
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Which type of cells is not involved in nonspecific immunity?
Respuesta
-
Monocytes
-
Lymphocytes
-
Neutrophils
-
Macrophages
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a chemical used as a chemical barrier to pathogens?
Respuesta
-
Hydrochloric Acid
-
sebum
-
complement
-
Hydrolyzing enzymes
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a characteristic of inflammation?
Respuesta
-
Heat
-
Redness
-
Swelling
-
All of the above are characteristics of inflammation
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Which antibody has 10 antigen-binding sites?
Respuesta
-
IgM
-
IgA
-
IgD
-
IgG
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Which antibody had four antigen-binding sites?
Respuesta
-
IgM
-
IgA
-
IgD
-
IgG
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Which antibody has two antigen-binding sites?
Respuesta
-
IgM
-
IgA
-
IgG
-
Both A and B
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Which of the following is not caused by complement protein activity?
Respuesta
-
Vasodilation
-
Agglutination of antigens
-
Cytolysis
-
All of the above are caused by complement protein activity
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
The ability of our immune system to attack abnormal or foreign cells but spare our own normal cells is called:
Respuesta
-
innate immunity
-
nonspecific immunity
-
self-tolerance
-
adaptive immunity
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Adaptive immunity is also called ______immunity
Respuesta
-
innate
-
specific
-
nonspecific
-
species
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Which substance produced by the skin contains pathogens-inhibiting agents?
Respuesta
-
Hydrochloric acid
-
Mucus
-
Enzymes
-
Sebum
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Which substance can destroy pathogens by chemically hydrolyzing them?
Respuesta
-
Hydrochloric acid
-
Mucus
-
Enzymes
-
Sebum
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Which substance can destroy pathogens by lowering the pH to a level at which they cannot function?
Respuesta
-
Hydrochloric acid
-
Mucus
-
Enzymes
-
Sebum
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Which of the following is not part of the inflammation response?
Respuesta
-
The release of chemicals that attract white blood cells
-
The formation of antibodies
-
The increase of blood flow to the inflamed area
-
All of the above are part of the inflammation response.
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Which of the following is not part of the inflammation response?
Respuesta
-
The release of histamine
-
The increase in vascular permeability
-
The stimulation of fibroblast growth
-
All of the above are part of the inflammation response
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
When an antigen attaches to a naïve B cell, it becomes a(n) _______cell.
Respuesta
-
memory
-
plasma
-
effector B
-
All of the above are correct
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
In the first stage of their development, B cells are known by all of the following except ______B cells.
Respuesta
-
effector
-
naive
-
inactive
-
virgin
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
If a blood test indicated that a person had a high level of IgM antibodies in the blood, it could be concluded that:
Respuesta
-
the person's body is responding to a re-exposure to an antigen
-
the person's body is responding to the initial exposure to an antigen
-
the person has an increasing likelihood that he will become allergic to an antigen
-
no conclusion could be made
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Which is the best explanation of how a white blood cell ingests and destroys a microorganism?
Respuesta
-
The white blood cell engulfs the microorganism and then lysosomal enzymes destroy it
-
The white blood cell allows the microorganism to be absorbed by osmosis and then lysosomal enzymes destroy it.
-
The white blood cell engulfs the microorganism and chemotaxis destroys it
-
The white blood cell allows the microorganism to be absorbed by osmosis and then diapedesis destroys it.
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Which is the best explanation of how complement --a group of 20 inactive enzymes in the plasma and on cell surfaces--is active and produces cytolysis?
Respuesta
-
Complement is "turned on" by the presence of bacteria
-
Complement is activated by antibodies to "drill a hole" into foreign cells, thus causing cytolysis
-
Complement causes vasoconstriction and inhibits phagocytosis
-
Both A and B are correct
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an example of a(n):
Respuesta
-
B cell-mediated condition
-
T cell-mediated condition
-
autoimmune condition that is caused by self-antigens being attacked
-
isoimmune condition that is caused by self-antigens being attacked
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
When a patient starts to have rejection problems with a transplanted organ, the problems are usually caused by:
Respuesta
-
a B cell-mediated condition
-
human leukocyte antigens (HALs)
-
self-antigens
-
severe combined immune deficiency (SCID)
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) damages the immune system by ____cells.
Respuesta
-
invading memory
-
invading T
-
overproduction of B
-
overproduction of plasma
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Why is it difficult to predict the total number of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases that will result from known HIV-infected patients?
Respuesta
-
After a person is infected, the signs of AIDS infection might not be apparent for years
-
The current treatment of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) alters the infected cells.
-
Infected cells begin to change only after azidothymidine (AZT) treatment is started.
-
So many people have received the vaccine that there is no way to count who actually is infected
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Which is the best explanation of how immune suppression can be helpful in preventing transplant rejection?
Respuesta
-
The immune system sometimes reacts against foreign antigens in the grafted tissue, causing what is often called a rejection syndrome. Immune suppression drugs reduce the immune system's ability to attack the foreign antigens in the donated tissue.
-
Because rejection is caused by an inappropriate and excessive response to self-antigens, giving immune suppression drugs would reduce the effect.
-
Rejecting involves antigen-antibody reactions, mainly IgE triggered by repeated exposure to an allergen, which in this case is the transplanted organ
-
Delayed allergic response occurs with transplanted organs, so immune suppressive drugs would reduce the allergic response and decrease rejection.
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Two-year-old Jenny is undergoing treatment for leukemia and was exposed recently to chickenpox. Her oncologist decided to give her a dose of interferon. What effect was the physician hoping for with this approach?
Respuesta
-
It would stop the virus from traveling over the sensory nerve of a single dermatome.
-
It would cause an increase in white blood cells.
-
It would inhibit the chickenpox infection from developing
-
It would assist in the development of lymphocytes in the spleen.
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Chris has very bad allergies, especially in the springtime, and is seeking help to overcome her allergic reactions. Why would an antihistamine help Chris be more comfortable?
Respuesta
-
It would counter the effects of the self-antigen reaction.
-
It would replace the allergen with a different chemical and this reduce her symptoms
-
It would reduce the antigen-antibody reactions cause by the allergen.
-
It would reduce the amount of human leukocyte antigen in her system.
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
Steven had mumps as a child. Why did he not experience symptoms at the age of 41 after he was again exposed to the mumps virus?
Respuesta
-
He had an injection with weakened virus shortly before he was exposed.
-
He had natural passive immunity to ward off the virus.
-
He had artificial passive immunity that he received from his brother after he had the mumps.
-
He developed active immunity as the result of having mumps as a child.
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Lymphocyte that attacks pathogens directly.
Respuesta
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B Cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
Ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles
Respuesta
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B Cell
-
Non Specific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
Mechanisms that provide specific protection against types of bacteria or toxins
Respuesta
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B Cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Macromolecule that induces the immune system to produces antibodies
Respuesta
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Mechanisms that resist a variety of threatening agent or conditions
Respuesta
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Anitbody
-
B Cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Protein produced by the immune system to interfere with the ability of viruses to cause disease
Respuesta
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B Cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
Substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen
Respuesta
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B Cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
lymphocyte that produces antibodies that attack pathogens or direct other cells to attack them.
Respuesta
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B Cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
phagocytic monocyte (nongranular WBC) in the immune system
Respuesta
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B Cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
antibody that is found in tears and saliva
Respuesta
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgD
-
IgE
-
IgA
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
the predominate class of antibody produced after initial contact with an antigen
Respuesta
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgD
-
IgE
-
IgA
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
antibody that is associated with allergies
Respuesta
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgD
-
IgE
-
IgA
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
antibody whose precise function is not yet known
Respuesta
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgD
-
IgE
-
IgA
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
predominant class of antibody produced in the secondary response to an antigen
Respuesta
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgD
-
IgE
-
IgA
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
A person gets a flu shot to keep from getting the flu
Respuesta
-
Natural active immunity
-
Natural passive Immunity
-
Artificial active immunity
-
Artificial passive immunity
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
a person has had the mumps and is protected from getting them again
Respuesta
-
Natural active immunity
-
Natural passive immunity
-
Artificial active immunity
-
Artificial passive immunity
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
a mother passes antibodies to her baby
Respuesta
-
Natural active immunity
-
Natural passive immunity
-
Artificial active immunity
-
Artificial passive immunity
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
after exposure to hepatitis A, a person is given a gamma globulin (IgG) shot to keep him from getting hepatitis
Respuesta
-
Natural active immunity
-
Natural passive immunity
-
Artificial active immunity
-
Artificial passive immunity
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