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Creado por Natasha Gidluck
hace casi 7 años
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Pregunta | Respuesta |
Population | A group of the same species living in the same place at the same time. They can successfully reproduce with each other. |
Communities | All of the populations of all organisms in a certain place. Only include biotic factors. |
Quantitive Measurements | Are similar to snapshots in time that help decide how populations can change. |
Population Characteristics | Density and distribution are characteristics of a population. |
Density | The number of organisms in a given area or volume. |
Distribution | Three patterns include uniform, random, and clumped. |
Uniform Distribution | Is when individuals are equally spaced within an area—seen with orchards or experiments. |
Random Distribution | When individuals are spaced randomly within an area, rare in nature but seen with organisms like dandelions that do not require a lot of resources to survive. |
Clumped Distribution | When individuals are clumped in certain areas, usually around resources like water. Commonly seen in nature. |
Population Growth | Is determined by the amount of births and immigration as well as deaths and emigration. |
Per Capita Growth Rate | The rate of growth in a population. |
Open populations | When all four factors (birth, immigration, death, and emigration) are in effect within a population. |
Closed Populations | When organisms are prevented from entering or leaving, so the population changes are due to births and deaths only. |
Biotic Potential | The highest possible per capita growth rate possible given unlimited resources and ideal conditions. |
Factors of Biotic Potential | 1. The number of offspring per reproductive cycle 2. The number of offspring that survive long enough to reproduce 3. The age of reproductive maturity 4. The number of times an individual reproduces 5. The life span of the individuals |
Carrying Capacity | The amount of population growth that the environment can sustain. |
Factors that limit Biotic Potential | Density dependant factors and density independant factors. |
Density Dependant Factors | Biotic factors that can change their impact based on different patterns of populations. For example, the amount of predators is a biotic factor that depends on the density of the population. |
Density Independant Factors | Abiotic factors that have an unchangeable impact on the population and is therefore to dependent on its patterns. For example, a volcanic eruption will destroy the environment whether or not a population will be affected. |
R-Selected Strategies | The continuum composed of two sides: the r strategists and the k strategists. |
R Strategists | Produce as quickly as possible and are usually very small—usually similar to bacteria or insects. They take advantage of favourable conditions. |
K Strategists | Have fewer offspring during a long period of time and look after their young. They are larger organisms like mammals. |
Stable Equilibrium | A population that is basically at its carrying capacity with minor fluctuations. |
Environmental Resistance | A combination of factors that limit the biotic potential of a population. |
Infraspecific Competition | Competition between members of the same population. Survival of the fittest. |
Interspecific Competition | When one species is competing with another for a resource. |
Predation | The consuming of prey by a predator that is usually larger than its victim. |
Responses to Predation | 1. Camouflage 2. Production of Toxins 3. Mimicry |
Symbiosis | The relationships between two individuals that are different species. Commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism. |
Commensalism | When one organism benefits and the other is not affected. |
Mutualism | When both organisms benefit from the relationship. |
Parasitism | When one organism benefits and the other is harmed. Usually are smaller than their prey. |
Natural Selection | The process of selecting individuals who have traits better suited to help them survive in their environment. |
Gene Pool | All the different alleles in a population. |
Allele Frequency | How often an allele appears in a gene pool. Always expressed as a decimal. |
Population Equilibrium | When the allele frequency stays relatively stable over time. |
Population Evolution | When the allele frequency changes rapidly over time. |
Phenotype Frequency | The portion of the population with a particular phenotype |
Genotype Frequency | The portion of the population with a particular genotype. |
The Hardy-Weinberg Principle | Allele frequencies will remain the same on five conditions: there is a large population, there is random mating, there are no mutations, there is no migration, and there is no selective advantage. |
Factors that change gene pools | 1. Mutations 2. Gene Flow 3. Non Random Mating 4. Genetic Drift 5. Founder Effect 6. Bottleneck Effect 7. Natural Selection |
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