WORLD HISTORY II VOCAB

Pregunta	Respuesta
What was the RENAISSANCE?	The Renaissance was a time period of creativity and change. People in many areas (political, social, economic, and cultural) changed their views of the world and others. People became more interested in cultures, languages, adventures, and learning.
ITALY played what role in the Renaissance period?	Italy was the heart of the Roman Empire - The Renaissance began in Italy.
What is a PATRON?	A financial supporter.
Who was MARTIN LUTHER?	Martin Luther was a man who disagreed on many Roman Catholic Church beliefs. He argued about fees, faith, priests etc. He wrote his complaints/demands on a paper and nailed them to the Church door; those complaints are now called the 95 theses.
Who was LEONARDO DA VINCI?	Leonardo Da Vinci was an artist during the Renaissance period. He painted the famous Mona Lisa.
What is THEOCRACY?	A government based on the rule of religious leaders.
What is GHETTO?	Part of a city where members of a minority group live (social, legal, or economic). The term was originally used in Venice to describe the part of the city to which Jews were restricted.
What is a COMPROMISE?	A settlement of a conflict that is reached by each side making an agreement.
Who was KING HENRY VIII?	King Henry the VIII ruled England from 1509 til 1547. A few things he did were... began the Church of England (so he could cancel his marriage with Catherine of Aragon), married 6 times (and divorced/beheaded four), and confiscated land and wealth.
What does ANNUL mean?	To cancel a marriage
What does CIRCUMNAVIGATE mean?	To travel all around an object
Who was MAGELLAN?	Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese navigator. He sailed the Spanish expedition to the East Indies (1519 to 1522), which was the first circumnavigation of the Earth. He didn't make the whole trip (died in a fight), but Juan Sebastián Elcano and his crew completed the trip.
Who was CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS?	Christopher Columbus was an Italian navigator. He sailed (paid by Spain) to the Indies (now called the Caribbean).
What role did SPAIN play throughout World History II?	1492: Jews are forced to convert to Christianity; those who refuse are expelled from Spain. Christopher Columbus sets sail on his voyage of discovery. 1588: Spanish Empire is growing 1702-14: War of Spanish Succession 1808-14: Spaniards rise against Napoleon's occupying force. (Peninsular War) 1931: Spain becomes a republic. 1936-39: Spanish Civil War 1975: Spain becomes constitutional monarchy. Democracy would bring membership of the European Community.
What is an OUTPOST?	An outpost is a distant area under someone's (royal, country etc) control.
What role did the DUTCH play throughout World History II?	In CH 15 Section 3, The Dutch were introduced as friendly and peaceful traders (unlike the Portuguese). The Dutch (Netherlands) were the first to challenge the Portuguese for power/land in Asia. They slowly won the challenge with huge cargoes and the Dutch East India Company.
What was the MANCHU CONQUEST?	It was the transition from Ming to Qing. The Manchu conquest of China was a period of conflict between the Qing dynasty (established by Manchu clan Aisin Gioro).
What was the QING DYNASTY?	The Qing Dynasty was the new dynasty in 1636 China. This dynasty brought in new laws, new trades etc. The people weren't happy, but the scholar-officials approved the new changes (they just wanted new government laws).
What is a HERMIT KINGDOM?	A hermit kingdom is a term used to refer to any country, organization or society which willfully walls itself off, either metaphorically or physically, from the rest of the world. The term is widely used to label (North) Korea.
What was the ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM?	It was labor system in Spain (the Spanish Empire). It rewarded conquerors with the labor of particular groups of subject people.
Who was HERNAN CORTES?	Hernan Cortes was one of the first conquistadors. He and Malinche (his translator/adviser, also known as Dona Marina) arranged alliances with discontented groups in the Caribbean/Spain.
Who were the AZTECS?	A tribe in Spain who ruled a large empire (15th and early 16th centuries) in what is now central and southern Mexico. Hernan Cortes overthrew the Aztecs in 1521.
What is a CONQUISTADOR?	A person who is out to conquer new territory. The term was used to refer to the soldiers/explorers from the Spanish Empire/Portuguese Empire.
What is a MISSIONARY?	A missionary is someone (a pastor or priest etc) who is out on a religious mission to convert people to their religion.
What is a REVENUE?	An income from taxes.
What was the MAYFLOWER COMPACT?	The Mayflower Compact was created by the Pilgrims when they landed in Plymouth. It stated new, equal laws for their "New World".
What was the TRIANGULAR TRADE?	It was a trading network with three legs. The first leg was merchant ships, then people would exchange for products, and finally the products were shipped.
What is a JOINT STOCK COMPANY?	It is a private trading company. Individuals share transferable items of stock.
What is CAPITALISM?	It's an investment to make a profit, such as: private property, wage labor, voluntary exchange etc.
What is INFLATION?	It's the economic cycle. For example, if more money is being made, then prices rise. There can be a sharp increase in money too.
What were the COLONIES?	There were 13 pieces of land in North America, owned by Britain. They were... Delaware, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts (which included Maine), New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island.
Who was JOHN LOCKE?	John Locke was an English thinker. He believed in natural rights. He had many ideas throughout the Enlightenment period. His ideas were published in his book Two Treatises.
What was the NATURAL LAW?	Laws inherent by the human nature.
What is the FEDERAL REPUBLIC?	A republican form of government.
What were ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS?	Enlightenment ideas were ideas born during the Enlightenment period. Some were... reason, individualism, and skepticism.
What is NATIONALISM?	A feeling of pride and devotion to one's country.
What was the FRENCH REVOLUTION?	The French revolution began because people were hungry, homeless, and poor. By helping in the American Revolution and King Louis XVI spending lots- they were in bankruptcy.
What was the REIGN OF TERROR?	The Reign of Terror was a phase during the French revolution (1793-1794). 40,000 people were killed because they revolted the guillotine. It was an unfair and brutal time.
What was BASTILLE?	Bastille was a metal fortress; supposedly with weapons and gunpowder. 800 Parisians assembled and attacked the fortress for the weapons. Unfortunately, there was no weapons but it became a symbol for France.
Who was ROBESPIERRE?	(At one point) Robespierre was the leader of the French revolution. He ruled during the Region of Terror, but ended guilty and beheaded.
Who was THOMAS HOBBES?	Thomas Hobbes was one of the first English thinker during the Enlightenment period. He believed in the social contract, and a need for more harsh laws. He published his ideas in his book, Leviathan.
What was the SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY?	It was an agreement among individuals on any theories. It was an organized, invested secured society for English thinkers.
Who was NAPOLEON?	Napoleon was the ruler of France (1799-1815). He had huge, powerful ideas for France (he wanted it to be his empire) but his philosophies were flawed.
What is ABDICATION?	To give up or renounce (a throne).

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