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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Functions of the nervous system | Gathers info inside / outside of the body - transmitting info to brain + spine Processes info in brain + spine - sends info to muscles, glands and organs to respond Controls + co-ordinates all essential functions of body to maintain homeostasis |
| What are voluntary and involuntary responses? | Voluntary - mainly conscious control Involuntary - automatic (regulate body internal enviro.), reflex |
| Central Nervous System functions | - Receives sensory signals > determine appropriate response - Store memory - Carry out thought |
| Peripheral Nervous System functions | - Send signals to CNS - Receive + transmit motor signals from CNS - Stimulate effectors |
| Sympathetic | Fight / flight response |
| Parasympathetic | Rest and ruminate response |
| Sympathetic / Parasympathetic response examples? | Dilate / constrict pupils Increase / decrease heart and breathing rates Constrict / dilate blood vessels Inhibit / stimulate digestion |
| Neuron structure | - Dendrites receive signals, cell body integrating these signals - Axon transmits action potential - Myelin sheath makes signals travel faster - Synaptic signals transmit signals |
| Reflex arc? | 1. Stimulus 2. Receptor 3. Sensory neuron 4. Integration center 5. Motor neuron |
| Canine Degenerative Myelopathy What is it? | Progressive degenerative spinal cord disease characterised by non-painful progressive hind limb paralysis in older dogs, ultimately fatal |
| Canine Degenerative Myelopathy Clinical signs | Usually affects dogs over 5, typically 8 Non painful, subtle weakness in hind limb Mild w/ chronic onset, progress over months > ataxia (lack voluntary coordination |
| Canine Degenerative Myelopathy Long term consequences | Muscle atrophy, paralysis May progress up spinal cord > affect forelimbs Faecal and urinary incontinence |
| Listeriosis What is it? | Bacterial infection w/ high incidence of intestinal carriers |
| Listeriosis Clinical signs? | In ruminants can cause encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), abortion or blood poisoning Depression, loss of appetite, fever, lack of coordination, salivation, facial paralysis, circling Disease more common in younger animals (1-3yrs) |
| Seizures What are they? | Physical manifestation of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain and most common neurological problem in canines / felines |
| Seizures Clinical signs? | May occur due to intoxication, kidney disease, liver disease, tumours etc. Generalized seizures = loss of consciousness, involuntary repetitive movements, urination, salivation, defecation |
| Epilepsy What is it? | Chronic, occasionally progressive disease (animals having 1+ expected to later have more frequent / severe) |
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