UK Politics - Question Prompts | Conjunto de Fichas

Pregunta	Respuesta
FOR representative democracy	1) PRACTICAL (allows fast decision making, coherent pluralism) 2) MINORITIES PROTECTED (no 'tyranny of the majority') 3) WELL INFORMED (politicians take holistic view)
AGAINST representative democracy	1) PRACTICAL (votes unequal, low participation) 2) MINORITIES PROTECTED (politicians only accountable to majority in election) 3) WELL INFORMED (politicians loyal to party/ self-interested)
FOR crisis of democracy	1) PARTICIPATION (low turnouts, apathy) 2) REPRESENTATION (FPTP, houses not representative of population) 3) ACCOUNTABILITY (HofL, judges unnacountable) 4) PROTECTION OF RIGHTS (HRA not entrenched) [limited media]
AGAINST crisis of democracy	1) PARTICIPATION (alternatives to voting) 2) REPRESENTATION (close constituency links, minorities have representation) 3) ACCOUNTABILITY (HofL & court reform, parliament sovereign) 4) PROTECTION OF RIGHTS (judicial review) [free media]
FOR participation crisis	1) TURNOUTS (low especially in second order) 2) PARTY MEMBERSHIP (low for 2 main) 3) APATHY (passive participation, lack of engagement/trust)
AGAINST participation crisis	1) TURNOUTS (increasing, alternative participation) 2) PARTY MEMBERSHIP (^ small parties and pressure groups) 3) APATHY (high turnout at referendums, hapathy, social media engagement)
FOR pressure groups	1) INCREASE PARTICIPATION (single-issue, anyone can join, active throughout 4 years) 2) EDUCATE PUBLIC AND GOV. (free independent information, lobbying) 3) DISPERSE POWER (minority rights)
AGAINST success of pressure groups	1) RESOURCES (less money, fewer employees, fewer members) 2) TACTICS/LEADERSHIP (weak leadership, hyper-plurality) 3) PUBLIC SUPPORT (agenda outside public opinion) 4) GOV. ATTITUDES (outside gov. agenda) [think tanks ideas ignored, corporations, + lobbyists seen as illegitimate]
AGAINST pressure groups	1) INCREASE PARTICIPATION (chequebook participation, ineffective) 2) EDUCATE PUBLIC AND GOV. (unwarranted influence, misinformation, self-interested) 3) DISPERSE POWER (concentrate to most resources, unaccountable, tyranny of minority)
FOR success of pressure groups	1) RESOURCES (large membership = more money + larger size ∴ more influence) 2) TACTICS/LEADERSHIP (access points and collaboration) 3) PUBLIC SUPPORT (agenda w/ public opinion) 4) GOV. ATTITUDES (insider contacts) [role of think tanks, corporations, + lobbyists]
FOR rights in the UK	1) JUDICIAL REVIEW/ HRA (legislation comply with ECHR) 2) PRESSURE GROUPS (protect those without voice) 3) PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTY (rights suspended in emergency)
AGAINST rights in the UK	1) JUDICIAL REVIEW (judge made privacy laws) 2) PRESSURE GROUPS (conflict with gov.) 3) PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTY (suspend rights unnecessarily)
FOR importance of parties	1) REPRESENTATION (con & middle, older; lab & working, younger, minorities) 2) PARTICIPATION (membership, stand for election, educate and make issues clear) 3) GOVERNING (create policy, provide ministers, easy elections)
AGAINST importance of parties	1) REPRESENTATION (have to pick whole manifesto, simplifies issues) 2) PARTICIPATION (expensive, passive participation) 3) GOVERNING (can lose support or distort policy, mandate on small support)
FOR state party funding	1) POLITICAL EQUALITY (smaller parties can grow) 2) TRANSPARENCY (less questions of corruption) 3) PERFORMANCE (more time for policy development) [gov. match donations?]
AGAINST state party funding	1) POLITICAL EQUALITY (how allocated? tax goes to all parties [personal preference]) 2) TRANSPARENCY (lose independence) 3) PERFORMANCE (lose link to population, less accountable)
FOR importance of smaller parties	1) PARTICIPATION (% vote rising, encourage participation of young or disillusioned) 2) REPRESENTATION (encouraging consensus when minority gov.) 3) ACCOUNTABILITY (push larger parties to adopt policies)
AGAINST importance of smaller parties	1) PARTICIPATION (vote share decreasing) 2) REPRESENTATION (regional limited support) 3) ACCOUNTABILITY (regional can vote on English laws)
FOR Labour has returned to its original ideological position	1) SOCIAL POLICY (education, healthcare, crime) 2) ECONOMIC POLICY (tax, welfare) 3) NATIONALISATION (rail, electricity) [wide party and public support]
AGAINST Labour has returned to its original ideological position	1) SOCIAL POLICY (New Labour never deviated) 2) ECONOMIC POLICY (but FOREIGN POLICY hugely different from Old Labour) 3) NATIONALISATION [MPs don't support this change; public support may decrease]
FOR all parties support liberal ideas	1) CAPITALISM (support free market and wealth creation) 2) WELFARE (protect or enhance welfare state while in office) 3) SOCIAL POLICY (freedom of individuals/ communities) [post-Thatcherite consensus)
AGAINST all parties support liberal ideas	1) CAPITALISM (Labour reverting back) 2) WELFARE (Con. some privatisation, cuts) 3) SOCIAL POLICY (some 'liberal' policies reduce freedom, Con. reject penal reform)
FOR electoral reform	1) GOVERNING (winners bonus, recent minorities/coalitions) 2) PARTICIPATION (votes are unequal and choice is limited; turnout low) 3) ACCOUNTABILITY (safe seats) [political inequality for smaller parties]
AGAINST electoral reform	1) GOVERNING (promotes 2 party; strong decisive government with mandate) 2) PARTICIPATION (fast and simple) 3) ACCOUNTABILITY (strong link between MPs and voters) [extremists excluded & small parties don't have undue power]
FOR referendums	1) UNITARY (mend political/social rifts) 2) PROVIDE CONSENT (esp. constitutional changes or close issues) 3) PURE DEMOCRACY (no representatives distorting view)
AGAINST referendums	1) UNITARY (can split society, some choices shouldn't be binary) 2) PROVIDE CONSENT (tyranny of the majority, not consent of all) 3) PURE DEMOCRACY (lied to in campaigns, ill informed, undermine parliament)
FOR class is the major social factor	1) AGE (reflects class, old more likely to own property) 2) ETHNICITY (established groups vote with class, strong class differences) 3) REGION (reflects class differences) [other factors show same trend within gender - indicates unimportant]
AGAINST class is the major social factor	1) AGE (about policy difference/ experience) 2) ETHNICITY (education, policy/perceptions important) 3) REGION (turnout large factor here)
FOR social factors most important	1) MEDIA (low influence, confirm rather than change, TV balanced, opinion polls) 2) VALENCE (perspective + experience decided by social factors, people becoming more educated and engaged) 3) ISSUE (concerns decided by demographics)
AGAINST social factors most important	1) MEDIA (change perspectives of parties/ leaders) 2) VALENCE (governing competence, unity, leadership) 3) ISSUE (change election on election) [partisan dealignment, more fluidity]
FOR Conservatives in line with New Right	1) ECONOMIC (austerity) 2) WELFARE (reduce benefits/ dependency culture, privatisation of NHS) 3) SOCIAL/LAW AND ORDER (family life and education) 4) FOREIGN POLICY (strong links w/ US, euroscepticism for sovereignty, protect on threats abroad) [divisions in party over Europe]
AGAINST Conservatives in line with New Right	1) ECONOMIC () 2) WELFARE () 3) SOCIAL/LAW AND ORDER (liberal, 'Big Society [one-nation], rehabilitation) 4) FOREIGN POLICY ()
FOR sucess of parties	1) LEADERSHIP (dominant and clear leader, charisma, strong in crisis) 2) UNITY 3) MEDIA (media image and campaigns) [wide attractive policy, likely to form strong gov.]
AGAINST success of parties	1) LEADERSHIP (weak leader, no direction) 2) UNITY 3) MEDIA (poor performaFnce in debates, slashing campaigns, scandals) [niche policy, perception that they cannot win or govern/wasted vote]
FOR UK elections enhance democracy	1) REPRESENTATION (choose someone to represent their interests in parliament) 2) CHOOSE A GOV. (give legitimacy to leaders & mandate for policy) 3) ACCOUNTABILITY (can vote out if unhappy, gov. and MPs) 4) PARTICIPATION (opportunity to involve in politics and educate, smaller parties & pressure groups show policy preference)
AGAINST UK elections enhance democracy	1) REPRESENTATION (not representative of society or local views) 2) CHOOSE A GOV. (small majorities and coalitions) 3) ACCOUNTABILITY (party leaders unaccountable) 4) PARTICIPATION (participation low, info misleading)
FOR electoral reform	1) PROPORTIONALITY (FPTP winners bonus; AMS, STV better + no tactical vote) 2) VOTER CHOICE (FPTP one rep. per party, choice in AMS = split ticket & STV [multiple rep. per party]) 3) CANDIDATE TO REPRESENTATIVE LINK (FPTP wasted votes + safe seats, link kept in AMS + STV no safe seats, appeal to all) 4) STRONG GOV. (FPTP weak recently; AMS clear winner, STV powersharing encourage consensual governing)
AGAINST electoral reform	1) PROPORTIONALITY (PR gives small parties too much power) 2) VOTER CHOICE (AMS closed list = party manipulation) 3) CANDIDATE TO REPRESENTATIVE LINK (lost in STV, AMS creates 2 MP types) 4) STRONG GOV. (FPTP excludes extremism, STV rivalries + slow gov formation) [speed/simplicity of FPTP]
FOR PR creates very different outcomes	1) PARTY SYSTEM (^ coalitions, ^ small parties) 2) CONSENSUAL POLICIES 3) REPRESENTATION IN PARLIAMENT (greater voter choice)
AGAINST PR creates very different outcomes	1) PARTY SYSTEM (FPTP created coalitions recently, AMS in Scotland majority) 2) CONSENSUAL POLICIES (conflict in NI, PT consensus) 3) REPRESENTATION (^ for FPTP recently)
FOR policies largest factor in election outcome	1) LEADER 2) CAMPAIGN (inc. media) 3) POLITICAL CONTEXT
FOR policies largest factor in election outcome	1) LEADER 2) CAMPAIGN (inc. media) 3) CONTEXT

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