L2 Abnormal Psychology - Sleep | Conjunto de Fichas

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What is sleep?	A periodic state of rest during which time consciousness is suspended. No awareness of what is going on in the environment.
What is REM sleep?	Rapid Eye Movement. It is the period of sleep where you have the most vivid dreams with a lot of imagery.
What is Non- REM sleep characterized by what is it measured by?	This is characterized by lower and lower frequencies of brain activity. Measured by sensors that can pick up brain activity that lower when you progress into sleep.
How many stages does Non REM sleep have?	4.
How long is each cycle of sleep?	90 minutes.
When does REM sleep occur?	At the end of the first 90 minute cycle.
When does Non REM sleep occur?	Usually during the 4ht cycle.
As the night progresses which sleep is there less of?	Non rem sleep.
What is the function of sleep?	It aids brain development. During the first 2 years of life, infants sleep 60% of the time. Within the time that the infants are sleeping it coincides with skills and language development motor control and brain development. By the age of 2 children would have reached 90% of the adult brain. Sleep = Very important for brain delevelopment.
What is another function of sleep?	Good for maintaining good cognitive functioning particularly in executive functioning. e.g. to plan ahead, avoid distraction...higher order cognitive functions.
What is the final function of sleep?	During sleep sections of the central nervous system will shut down and dead cells will get cleaned out. It restores optimal functioning. Different section of the brain will shut off during random times during sleep. Sleep is believed to have a strong restorative function where specific stages of sleep are believed to involve a disconnection of separate areas of the central nervous system (CNS) for rest and rejuvenation.
What does sleep deprevation lead to in behvaiour?	Can lead to change in behaviour, for example children will become very active.
What does sleep deprivation lead to emotionally?	The inability to control emotions accross children adolesence or adults. E.g. We are more likely to become angry, gru,py etc.
The emotions that sleep deprivation leads to can also lead to individuals having troubles falling asleep which leads to us having trouble controlling our emotions.	Trying to help someone get enough sleep can hep with decreasing the inability to control emotions. Difficulty with sleep maintains problems.
1-3 sleep deprived tended to do worse in an activity than someone who has consumed alcohol.	48 hours no sleep - vivid hallucinations, heightened senses and feelings of creativity.
Which problems/illnesses are associated with sleep deprivation?	ADHD Depression Anxiety - thinking about different things makes it difficult to sleep. Substance Use e.g. alcohol helps people o sleep but the quality of sleep is low.
What are the most common types of disturbance by age?	Infants & Toddlers – night waking. Preschool – bedtime refusal, nighttime fears, falling asleep alone, positive reinforcement staying with child till they fall asleep. Primary School – bedtime problems & falling asleep. Relax - teaching breathing exercises and muscles relaxation exercises. Making them think positive about what is happening at school. Adolescents – Hormonal changes especially melontonin activated by darkness. Individuals will find it difficult to sleep because their melontonin hasn't been activated. Like to go to bed late and wake up late as a result. Circadian rhythm shifts, insomnia, diminished hours of sleep. Adults - insomnia. Problems with vary but usually sleep can be a result of anxiety and depression as they can't control themselves at night.
What are the main problems for sleep for Pre-schoolers?	Preschool – bedtime refusal, nighttime fears, falling asleep alone, positive reinforcement staying with child till they fall asleep.
What are the main problems for sleep in Priamary School kids?	Primary School – bedtime problems & falling asleep. Relax - teaching breathing exercises and muscles relaxation exercises. Making them think positive about what is happening at school.
WHat are the main problems in sleep for Adolecence?	Adolescents – Hormonal changes especially melontonin activated by darkness. Individuals will find it difficult to sleep because their melontonin hasn't been activated. Like to go to bed late and wake up late as a result. Circadian rhythm shifts, insomnia, diminished hours of sleep.
What are the main concerns of sleep for adults?	Adults - insomnia. Problems with vary but usually sleep can be a result of anxiety and depression as they can't control themselves at night.
What are some interventions to help with sleep deprivation in Adults and adolesence?	Developing nice sleep routines. Sleep at regular times and wake up at regular times. Make sure you stay away from stimulating environment e.g. coming back from the gym. You should rather do relaxing activities such as having a bath or reading a book etc. Stay away from caffeine and alcohol as they will effect your sleep. Make sure you get up at a set time despite what time you fell asleep.
Cerebral cortex	Imposes order on the objects and events we experience. Also takes on the role of dramatist, strives to discover the elements that makes sense to us.

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