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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Abolish | Ban something |
| Act | a new law passed by parliament |
| archives | historical records and documents |
| arson | deliberately setting fire to a house or other property |
| Assizes | the main courts for dealing with serious crimes until 1971 |
| Bill | the name given to an act before it is passed by parliament |
| burglary | breaking into a house or other property to steal things |
| capital punishment | the death penalty - execution can use various methods including hanging, beheading and burning at the stake/ |
| coroner | a person who investigates a sudden death |
| corporal punishment | physical punishments (designed to cause pain) e.g. whipping or branding. |
| constable | an official with responsibility for maintaining law and order |
| Crown court | the court introduced in 1971 to replace the assizes and quarter sessions. Deals with serious criminal cases |
| execute | put someone to death |
| factor | something that plays a part in causing an event, development or change |
| famine | when people die due to shortage of food |
| felony | a serious crime |
| fine | punishment by paying money |
| gaol (or jail) | a prison |
| gentry | wealthy people who owned land and were often Justices of the Peace |
| hate crimes | crime committed against someone because of their race, religion, sexuality, disability or gender orientation |
| heresy | beliefs not allowed by the church |
| homicide | killing another human being |
| illegitimate | someone whose parents were not married to each other |
| imprisonment | punishment by being kept in prison |
| industrialisation | the development of industry, involving the growth of factories and cities |
| Justice of the Peace | a person responsible for maintaining law and order in a county (took over from sheriffs) |
| larceny | theft |
| manslaughter | killing someone accidentally |
| manor | an area of land controlled by a lord |
| Manor Court | the court in a manor which administered the lord's lands, but which also judged petty crimes. |
| medieval | from the Middle Ages (1250-1500) |
| moral crime | offences considered to be sinful (by the church) |
| middle class | people in the middle of society, neither rich nor poor |
| minister | either and important politician or a vicar (preacher) |
| murder | intentionally killing another human |
| muntilation | punishment by cutting off parts of the body or branding the skin |
| outlaw | someone who is on the run to escape the law |
| parish | the area served by a church |
| petty crime | a minor crime such as a theft or damaging property |
| pillory | a wooden frame used for punishing an offender which held your head and hands |
| plague | a disease that first appeared in England in 1348, also known as the Black Death |
| poaching | entering land illegally in order to steal animals |
| probation | system for monitoring offenders introduced in 1907 |
| Protestant | Christians who split from the Catholic Church |
| Puritan | a strict Protestant who wanted people to obey the bible and live pure, simple, holy lives |
| Quaker | member of the Christian Church that was a strong tradition of challenging social injustice |
| Quarter Sessions | the county courts which tried criminals four times per year |
| radical | someone who wants to make extreme changes |
| reform | change someone for the better |
| Reformation | the time in the sixteenth century when many Protestant churches started after Henry VIII broke from Rome |
| rehabilitate | help someone become a law abiding citizen after they have broken the law |
| retainers | private armies controlled by nobles in the medieval and early modern periods |
| robbery | violent theft |
| sanctuary | a custom which protected criminals in the grounds of a church |
| scolding | using offensive or abusive language. A crime, normally something which women were punished for |
| secular | non religious |
| sheriff | the king's chief law enforcer in each county |
| smuggling | secretly importing goods to avoid custom duties (taxes) |
| statute | a law |
| stocks | wooden blocks used to hold criminals legs whilst people threw things at you |
| transportation | punishment which involved sending criminals to a distant land |
| treason | the crime of plotting against the king or country |
| trial | the process used to decide whether a person is innocent or guilty |
| trial by combat | a fight to decide if someone was innocent or guilty |
| urban | to do with towns or cities |
| urbanisation | the rapid growth of towns and cities |
| vagrant | a person who wandered from place to place in search of work |
| verdict | the decision of a jury |
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