Understanding Southeast Asia

Pregunta	Respuesta
What is the poorest country in Southeast Asia?	Laos with a GDP of $750 USD per capita
Which ASEAN nation is NZ's largest trading partner?	Singapore (6th largest global trading partner) total trade equates to about $2.9 billion and we export $900 mill annually.
Which two ASEAN nations are situated on fault lines and are susceptible to quakes and volcanoes?	The Philippines and Indonesia.
Which country has the most dense population?	Indonesia. 240 million people. Java's density is 1,000 people per square km.
Which two countries follow Indonesia in terms of population size?	Philippines and Vietnam (roughly 100 million people each)
What is Singapore's GDP per capita?	$25,000 (NZ is $18,000)
What might underdevelopment be composed of?	Poverty, low wages, limited opportunities, poor housing and sanitation.
Which Southeast Asian nations have seen an increase in GDP since 1950 and a population increase?	All Southeast Asian nations
What sector contributes to some countries low GDPs?	Agriculture. Countries with highest agricultural contributions to GDP (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar) have smaller GDPs
An example of 'crony' capitalism is which regime?	The Suharto regime in Indonesia (rent-seeking, focus on real estate and export of capital. Corrupt relations with government and government corrupt)
Under Suharto, what percentage of major government projects went to the president's children or friends?	80%
What country exhibits efficient capitalism?	Singapore
Who was the fastest growing economy in Asia between 2001 and 2013?	China. ASEAN was the second fastest growing economy in Asia.
When did Southeast Asia achieve post-colonial independence?	In the 1950s and 1960s
Why did many countries invest in agriculture following independence?	Internal political reasons - national populations were mostly rural so the governments were investing in locals.
What were some import substitution strategies?	Tariffs to discourage consumption of imports (aim to build local economy). Subsidies and tax holidays to encourage local producers.
When growth faltered in the 70s what did the focus shift to?	Export oriented industrialism
Why was there increased global capital in the 80s?	Japan outsourced a lot of production to SEA because production in Japan became more expensive.
What was the Flying Geese model?	Designed in Japan, parts made in Taiwan and assembled in Southeast Asia.
Why was regionalization bottom up?	It was led by private businesses not governments.
Why was regionalism top down?	Government trying to catch up with regionalization.
What does AFTA stand for?	Asian Free Trade Area
Why did the 2011 election in Thailand lead to an economic disaster?	Bought rice for hefty prices from farmers though global price of rice plummeted.
When was the Asian financial Crisis?	1997-1998
In 2003 what goal did ASEAN declare?	A goal of an ASEAN economic community with a single market by December 2015.
What percentage of economic targets will be met?	75%
Which hardest ones remain?	Non-tariff barriers, common standards, intellectual property, opening up some services and big developmental gaps. (No over-arching institution to enforce commitments.)
In terms of politics, Brunei is a:	Monarchy
There are flawed democracies in:	Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand
There is electoral authoritarianism in:	Malaysia, Singapore and Cambodia
There are Leninist states in:	Laos and Vietnam
Myanmar has:	Military rule moving to democracy
What are key features of low quality democracy?	Civil liberties are tolerated, elections are competitive. Leadership abuses are common and there is corruption, policy failings and weak institutions.
What does Singapore have?	Electoral authoritarianism. Dominated by people's Action Party
In 2011 what result did the PAP receive?	60% of vote - down from 75% in 2001. Worst result since independence.
When did Myanmar hold free elections?	In 1990 (NLD won so military cancelled results and installed a junta)
in 2010 Myanmar had an election and reserved ___% seats for military	25%
What year was Vietnam divided?	1954
When did US troops leave Vietnam?	1973
When did Hanoi fall?	1975
About how many Vietnamese deaths?	Maybe as much as 3.8 million
Khmer Rouge fought which government in Cambodia?	Pro US
When did Phnom Penh fall?	1975 to Pol Pot regime
When did Vietnam invade Cambodia?	1978
When was Hun Sen elected?	93
About how many died in Suharto's anti-communist purges?	500,000 people
There has been no major conflict in SEA since when?	1979 (border war - China and Vietnam)
How much of the national budget does Singapore spend on arms?	24%
What states make up ASEAN?	Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam
ASEAN plus 3 includes who?	South Korea, Japan and China
ASEAN plus 6 includes who?	India, China, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand and Australia
ASEAN plus 8?	Korea, China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, India, US and Russia

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