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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Renaissance Built Form | |
| Renaissance Painting and Sculpture | |
| THE RENAISSANCE AND BAROQUE PERIODS (General Time Frames) | --Early Renaissance 1400-1500 --Later Renaissance 1500-1600 --Baroque 1600-1750 --Rococo and Neo-classical 1750-1900 |
| What is the Renaissance known for? | -New appreciation of thought and art of classical Greece and Rome -Value of nature and history -Humanism -- interest in the individual and the human capacity to learn -Revolution in sciences -Exploration and discoveries -Achievements in literature, architecture, art -importance on individual expression |
| THE RENAISSANCE: DETERMINANTS OF URBAN FORM -Environmental Factors -Culture and Religion -Social and Economic Factors | ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS --Resources (coal, wood, metal ore, marble, timber.......) --Topography – varied CULTURE AND RELIGION --Revival of humanistic values --Importance of history and heritage --The church still powerful SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS -- Powerful city-states and families, cultural elite (artists and architects) -- Division on liberal and mechanical arts (artists and artisans) -- Banking |
| Technology in Renaissance | -New military tech (gunpowder and cannon) -Printing Press -Printed publications of Vitruvius -Influx of Greek and Roman scholars and artists to Italy -Fortifications |
| Renaissance, epicenter of movement in Florence | |
| The Renaissance Public Places Squares 1. Traffic Squares Place de I'Etoile, Paris | |
| The Renaissance Public Places Squares 1. Traffic Squares Piccadilly Square, London | |
| The Renaissance Public Places Squares 1. Pedestrian Squares St. Peter's Square, Rome | |
| The Renaissance Public Places Squares 1. Pedestrian Squares Piazza della Signoria, Florence | |
| The Renaissance Public Places Squares 1. Pedestrian Squares Piazza San Marco, Venice | |
| The Renaissance Public Places Squares 1. Residential Squares Place de Vendome, Paris | |
| Renaissance Square vs Medieval Square | Ren: Discipline and Order Med: Irregularity and informality |
| Renaissance Monuments and Public Structures Symbols of historic and cultural heritage | § Church § Town hall § Bank § Museum § Library § Monastery § Orphanage § Theater |
| The cathedral, the Duomo, was begun at the end of the 13th century by Arnolfo di Cambio. The dome, which dominates the exterior, was added in the 15th century on a design of Filippo Brunelleschi. | |
| The Renaissance Private Spaces -Single family residences -Townhouses -Second homes / weekend homes | |
| The Renaissance Streets -The Primary Straight Street important component of Renaissance urbanism | |
| The Renaissance Examples of Primary Streets Paris on the left, Berlin on right | |
| The Renaissance THE GRIDIRON Important element of Renaissance design | |
| The Renaissance THE GRIDIRON Example, grid pattern in the restructure areas In Vienna, | |
| The Renaissance Fortifications Is a part of Renaissance and Baroque cities | |
| The Renaissance Turin, Italy | |
| The Renaissance Aesthetic Consideration Vista/Axis | |
| The Renaissance Aesthetic Consideration Symmetry/Proportion/Balance -About an axial line | |
| The Renaissance Siena, Italy Piazza del Campo | |
| The Renaissance Siena, Italy Piazza del Campo | |
| The Renaissance Florence, Italy Origin, 200 BC | |
| The Renaissance Florence, Italy Origin, 200 BC Piazza del Duomo | |
| The Renaissance Florence, Italy Origin, 200 BC Piazza della Signoria | |
| The Renaissance Florence, Italy Origin, 200 BC Palazzo Vecchio | |
| The Renaissance Venice, Italy Town layout with medieval structure | |
| The Renaissance Venice, Italy Town layout with medieval structure Piazza San Marko | |
| The Renaissance Ceske Budejovice (XIII C.), Czeck Republic Town Square | |
| The Renaissance Cesky Krumlov (XIII C.), Czeck Republic Town Square | |
| Renaissance Architectural Milestones | -- Baptistery doors of the Cathedral in Florence (Ghiberti, 1401) -- Dome of Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence (Brunelleschi, 1430s) |
| Renaissance Architectural Milestones Baptistery doors of the Cathedral in Florence -The commission for the first set of doors was awarded to Pisano in 1330 and they were completed in 1336. 1401, the guild of wool merchants announced a competition for the second. A bronze panel depicting Abraham’s sacrifice of Isaac was to be prepared. -Brunelleschi on the left, Ghiberti on right | |
| Renaissance Architectural Milestones Dome on Santa Maria del Fiore By Bruncelleschi In Florence, Italy | |
| RENAISSANCE URBAN DESIGN EXAMPLES IN FLORENCE | -Piazza della Signoria -Piazza degli Uffizi -Piazza Annunziata -All are connected and integrated with each other |
| The Renaissance Florence, Italy Piazza della Signoria post Medieval Signoria means lordship Is also the place of government for florence | |
| The Renaissance Florence, Italy Piazza della Uffici | |
| The Renaissance Florence, Italy Ponte Vecchio | |
| The Renaissance Florence, Italy Boboli Gardens | |
| The Renaissance Florence, Italy Piazza Della Santissima Annunziata In the center behind horse is Church Santissima Annunizata, on the right is The Foundling Hospital made by Brunelleschi Is also a good example of Renaissance buildings | |
| The Renaissance Rome, Italy Campidoglio (Capitol Hill) | |
| The Renaissance Rome, Italy Redesign of Campidoglio (Capitol Hill) Redesign by Michelangelo Buonarote Left is before, right is after redesign | |
| Leonardo Da Vinci | Designed urban homes, and thought about solutions for urban problems like having artificial land |
| RENAISSANCE URBAN DESIGNERS, | ROMAN ARCHITECT VITRUVIUS ( 1 BC) --De Architectura (Books on Architecture and Urban Design theory) -- Radial Concentric form, enclosed with octagonal defensive walls, eight radial streets leading to towers, not city gates. LEON BATISTA ALBERTI (1402-1472) --The first theoretician of city planning in the Renaissance period --Twelve books on architecture and related aspects of architecture and urban design. |
| RESTRUCTURING OF THE IMPERIAL ROME | |
| RESTRUCTURING OF THE IMPERIAL ROME By Pope Sixtus V's architect - Domenico Fontana Added obliques to invite pilgrims to visit and to guide them to the places he wanted them to visit | |
| RESTRUCTURING OF THE IMPERIAL ROME Imperial on left, restructured on right | |
| Comparing RENAISSANCE AND BAROQUE | Renaissance -Order -Symmetry -Repose -Permanence -Space: Finite Baroque -Order -Symmetry -Movement -Immediate Reaction -Space: Infinite |
| Baroque: Urban Design Examples | St. Peter's Square, Rome Piazza Navona, Rome Piazza di Spagna, Rome Piazza del Popolo, Rome Piazza San Marko, Venice |
| Baroque Piazza Navona, Rome Finished by Bernini | |
| Baroque Piazza di Spagna and Spanish Steps | |
| Baroque Piazza del Popolo Restructuring started in early 1500s and was completed in early 1800s. | |
| Baroque Piazza San Marco, Venice | |
| DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES DURING THE RENAISSANCE AND BAROQUE PERIOD | --Renaissance cities were created mainly through the transformation of Mediaeval towns -Revision of the old city layout by opening up new streets and public spaces -Addition of new sections to the city -Creation of new elements –>monuments -Fortification system |
| DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES DURING THE RENAISSANCE AND BAROQUE PERIOD -Ideal Cities --Mostly unattainable intellectual exercise Palma Nova by Scamozzi | |
| Renaissance and Baroque ROMAN ARCHITECT VITRUVIUS ( 1 BC) --De Architectura (Books on Architecture and Urban Design theory) LEON BATISTA ALBERTI (XV Century AD) --The first theoretician of city planning in the Renaissance period | |
| Renaissance and Baroque New Cities -- Strategic military in origin -- New capitol cities Ex of a new capitol: Saint Petersburg (Petrograd/Leningrad) 1703 | |
| General Characteristics of Renaissance and Baroque | --Distinction between -the main street where public buildings were centered and secondary streets -the zone of governance and the zone o of productive activity --Aesthetic determination and rules applied to design of individual structures, three-dimensional massing and spatial arrangements --Grandeur in public buildingsof the historic heritage qPublic squares, gardens --Gridiron street pattern in expansion areas --Beginnings of the separation of place for work and living and introduction of structures for new uses |
| The legacy of Renaissance and Baroque | Some are lost, some we try to recapture (old on the bottom) |
| Paris and its Urban Transformations Top: Gallic Settlement (Ile de la Cite, 1 BC) Lower: Roman Settlement (South of Seine, 2 AD) | |
| Paris and its Urban Transformations 1. Gallic Settlement 2. Roman Settlement 3. Roman Town 4. Wall (1-3c.) 5. Wall (1180-1210) 6. Wall(1337-1380); (1368- 1422) 7. Wall (1601-1643) 8. Boundaries of Paris (1710- 1774 | |
| Paris and its Urban Transformations Upper: Paris in 1300s -Medieval walled city -Circle is The Louvre Palace Middle: Paris in 1600s -Green box is Tuileries Garden Lower: Paris in 1740 -Added line is Grand Boulevard | |
| Paris and its Urban Transformations Main Developments -Tuileries Gardens extension (XVI C.) d. -Grand Boulevards (XVII C.) f -Champs Elysees -- extension from the Avenue des Tuileries to Place de l’Etoile (XVII C. to mid XIX C.) and later beyond -The Arc de Triomphe in the center of Place de l’Etoile (XIX C.) e -Place de la Concorde (XVIII C.) h -The Bastille (medievalfortress)g -The Louvre (XII C. fortress, XIV C. Royal Palace) c | |
| Paris and its Urban Transformations Main Developments Champs Elysees -extension from the Tuileries to Place de l’Etoile and beyond | |
| Paris and its Urban Transformations Main Developments Place Vendome Buildings designed by Mansart --Original statue of Louis XIV (which kept building height lower then 54’) was replaced by an obelisk (144’) in 1810 | |
| Paris and its Urban Transformations Main Developments Place de la Concorde (Originally called the Place Louis XV) | |
| Paris and its Urban Transformations Main Developments -The Arc de Triomphe in the center of Place de L’Etoile (XIX C. ) -Place de l’Etoile (today Place Charles de Gaulle) completed in mid XIX C. with 12 radiating streets by Napoleon III and Houssmann | |
| Paris and its Urban Transformations Restructuring of Paris Main Goals: -- Free flow of traffic -- Uniform design -- Modernize infrastructure -- Increase green space -- Link new suburbs to the center of Paris -- Create a unique character for the city | |
| Paris and its Urban Transformations Restructuring of Paris Public and Private Domain PUBLIC DOMAIN • Street system - Concentric ring - Connective arterial - The boulevards • Modern infrastructure - Above ground - Below ground - Park system • Unified design elements PRIVATE DOMAIN • Standardized apartment block | |
| Paris and its Urban Transformations Cutting through the city, destroys some houses, but built straight road through the city | |
| Paris and its Urban Transformations Paris Streets and Avenues cut by Haussmann from 1854-1879 | |
| Paris and its Urban Transformations Typical Parisian mansion block built during the time of Houssman Rich lived in the middle places that were bigger and more lavish | |
| Paris and its Urban Transformations Post Baroque Paris -La Defense –> commemorates the defense of Paris in the Franco Prussian War -Development delayed by the Great Depression, WW II and reconstruction after the war -Main development as an office park in 1960s – 1980s -Culmination -> Grande Arch de la Defense, 1989 | |
| Paris and its Urban Transformations Versailles Louis XIV Moved the court and government To Versailles in 1682 | |
| Paris and its Urban Transformations Versailles Andre Le Notre (1613-1700) He designed the gardens and was involved in the expansion of the town with the same radiating routes | |
| Paris and its Urban Transformations Versailles Aerial view of the Palace from above the Gardens of Versailles Shows the radiating routes |
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