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Creado por caitlindavies8
hace más de 9 años
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Pregunta | Respuesta |
Pyschopathology | The study of mental, emotional and behavioural problems |
Social Norms | Standards of acceptable behaviour that are set by the social group |
'Deviation from social norms'- abnormality | Definition that sees abnormality as behaviour that violates expected standards of how people should behave |
Maladaptive behaviour | behaviour that prevents a person from achieving major life goals such as enjoying good relationships with others |
'Failure to function adequately'- abnormality | Definition that views a person as abnormal if they experience suffering and distress and are unable to cope with everyday activities |
'Deviation from ideal mental health'- abnormality | Definition that focuses on criteria from normality and if a person deviates from these ideas this would indicate abnormality |
ICD-10 and DSM-IV | Classification systems used in psychiatry to diagnose someone with a specific disorder |
Concordance rate | If one twin has a disorder, the likelihood that the other twin also has it |
Neurotransmitters | Chemicals that transmit nerve impulses from one nerve to the next, e.g. serotonin |
Hormones | Chemicals released into the bloodstream by the endocrine system, e.g. cortisol |
Reductionist | Tries to explain something complex by reducing it to a simple explanation, typically by focussing on just one factor |
Deterministic | Sees behaviour being shaped or controlled by internal or external forces rather than by the person's free will |
Diathesis-stress hypothesis | Proposal that people might inherit a genetic vulnerability or risk factor that then interacts with environmental stressor to produce a disorder |
Frontal lobotomy | Treatment that involves cutting pathways in the brain |
Electro convulsive therapy (ECT) | Passing a small electric current through the brain to cause a seizure. Still used to treat depression |
Psychiatric drugs | Drugs that modify the working of the brain and affect mood and behaviour |
Classical conditioning | A form of learning based on association between two stimuli |
Operant conditioning | A form of learning based on reinforcement |
Social learning | A form of learning based on observation and imitation |
Systematic desensitisation | A treatment that involves counter-conditioning where a person is trained to substitute a relaxation response for the fear response |
Aversion therapy | A treatment where the aim is to replace an undesirable association by associating the undesirable behaviour with an unpleasant stimulus |
Id | Part of personality that is present from birth, develops during the oral stage and is based on the pleasure principal |
Ego | Part of the personality that develops during the anal stage and is based on the reality principal |
Superego | Part of personality that develops during the phallic stage and is our sense of morality or conscience |
Ego defence mechanisms | These are used by the ego to prevent anxiety resulting from psychic conflict reaching consciousness |
Psychoanalysis | Talking therapy that attempts to uncover repressed material and help the client understand the origins of their problems |
Free association | Technique where the client is encouraged to express anything that comes into their mind |
Manifest content | The part of the dream that the client can recall |
Latent content | The actual meaning of the dream that is revealed through the therapist's interpretation |
Resistance | Anything that prevents the progress of therapy. It can be concious or unconscious |
Transference | This occurs when the client transfers attitudes from the past towards the therapist |
Polarised thinking | A cognitive bias that involves seeing everything in black and white |
Magnification | A cognitive bias that involves making a mountain out of a molehill |
Overgeneralisation | A cognitive bias that involves making sweeping generalisations from a single event |
Cognitive triad | Three forms of negative thinking typical of someone suffering from depression. Negative view of the self, world and future. |
CBT | Therapy that involves challenging a person's irrational cognitions and replacing them with more realistic ones |
REBT | CBT technique developed by Ellis, based on the ABC technique of irrational beliefs |
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