Rivers, Floods and Management

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Flashcards for GCE/AS level Geography (AQA) - Unit one (core): Rivers, Floods and Management
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PRECIPITATION - The only input of the drainage basin hydrological cycle. - Rain, snow, hail, dew, and frost.
INTERCEPTION - A water storage in which water lands on vegetation, or on other structures, before it reaches the soil. - Only temporary because the water is evaporated easily.
VEGETATION STORAGE - A storage where water is taken up by plants and vegetation.
SURFACE STORAGE - Water stored on surfaces, such as the surface of the ground, or on concrete. - Examples include puddles and lakes.
GROUNDWATER STORAGE - Water stored in the ground, either as soil moisture or in rocks. - Percolation can lead to the creation of aquifers.
CHANNEL STORAGE - Precipitation that falls directly into the river channel. - Water held in the river channel or stream.
SURFACE RUNOFF - Water which flows over the land.
THROUGHFALL - Water which falls from the leaves of trees (etc.) to other leaves and branches.
STEMFLOW - Water running down a plant stem or tree trunk.
THROUGHFLOW - The movement of water through the soil.
INFILTRATION - Water soaking into the soil. - Infiltration rates are influenced by soil type, soil structure, and soil saturation.
PERCOLATION - Water seeping down through soil, into the water table, and into permeable rock.
GROUNDWATER FLOW - Water flowing slowly below the water table, through permeable rock. Very slow.
BASEFLOW - Groundwater flow which feeds into river channels from river banks and river beds.
INTERFLOW - Water flowing downhill through permeable rock, above the water table. - The flow between throughflow and groundwater flow.
CHANNEL FLOW - Water flowing in the river or stream itself. - River discharge.
THE WATER TABLE - The top surface of the zone of saturation.
ZONE OF SATURATION - The area of soil or rock where all the pores in the geology are full of water.
EVAPORATION - The process by which water is heated up by the sun's energy, and is converted into water vapour (gas).
TRANSPIRATION - Evaporation from plant leaves and vegetation.
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION - The combination of evaporation and transpiration.
RIVER DISCHARGE - The volume of water that flows in a river per second. - Measured in cubic metres.
PET - Potential Evapotranspiration.
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