Genetic control of protein structure and function

Pregunta	Respuesta
Proto-Oncogenes	Genes which stimulate cell division. If a mutation occurs within a proto-oncogene it may become an oncogene which can cause receptor proteins to be permanently activated or for excessive amounts of growth factors to be produced. Both resulting in rapid cell division.
Tumour Suppressor Genes	Inhibitors of cell division. If a mutation occurs the tumour suppressor gene becomes inactive and cell division increases.
Degenerate Code	Most amino acids have more than one codon e.g. leucine can be coded for by the triplet codes UUA, UUG, CUU, CUG, CUC and CUA
Stop Codons	Three codons which do not code for any amino acids and mark the end of a polypeptide chain.
Non-Overlapping Code	Each base is only read once e.g. 123456 is read as 123 456 not, 123 234 345 456.
Structure of RNA	Pentose sugar AUCG Nucleotide bases A phosphate group Single stranded
Transfer RNA	A small single stranded chain folded into a clover leaf shape with one end extending beyond the other which acts as an attachment point for an amino acid. At the opposite end of the tRNA there is an anticodon loop which consists of 3 bases which attach to mRNA for polypeptide synthesis.

Resumen del Recurso

	Creado por Harry Riley hace alrededor de 9 años