Comptia A+ Terms

Pregunta	Respuesta
RAID 0	Disk striping (striped volume) Split across drives No data redundancy Improves read and write performance Minimum of two drives
RAID 1	Disk Mirroring Two Copies Redundancy
RAID 5	Disk Striping with Parity Multiple Drives Parity Drive Minimum 3 Disks
RAID 10	Mirrored Disk Striping AKA RAID 1+0 Data is striped and redundant Minimum of 4 Drives
ISA	Bus Width 8/16 Speed 8 MHz
MCA	Bus Width 32 Speed 10 MHz
VLB	Bus Width 32 Speed Speed of Local Bus
EISA	Bus Width 32 Speed 8 MHz
PCI	Bus Width 32/64 Speed 33 MHz
AGP	Bus Width 32 Speed 66 MHz
PCMCIA	Bus Width 16 Speed 33 MHz
PCI-X	Bus Width 32/64 Speed 66/133/266/ 533 MHz
PCIe	Bus Width Serial Speed Multiple lanes each carrying 250 Mbps v2 500 Mbps
USB 1.0	12 Mbps 127 Devices
USB 2.0	480 Mbps 127 Devices
USB 3.0	5 Gbps 127 Devices
IEEE 1394	AKA FireWire 400 Mbps 63 Devices
IEEE 1394b	AKA FireWire 800 800 Mbps 63 Devices
FireWire S1600	1.6 Gbps 63 Devices
FireWire S3200	3.2 Gbps 63 Devices
ntldr	Windows XP Operating system loader code
boot.ini	Windows XP Build the Operating System selection menu
ntdetect.com	Windows XP Performs Hardware Detection
ntoskrnl.exe	Windows XP Core Kernel Code responsible for tasks such as thread management
bootmgr	Windows Vista and 7 Operating System loader code (like NTLDR)
BCD	Windows Vista and 7 Builds the operating system selection menu; similar to boot.ini in Windows XP, but data resides in the BCD store. You can edit the boot configuration data with the bcdedit utility.
winload.exe	Windows Vista and 7 Loads windows OS if selected from the menu provided
winresume.exe	Windows Vista and 7 Resumes system from Hibernate state
POST 100-199	Motherboard Error
POST 200-299	Memory Error
POST 300-399	Keyboard Error
POST 600-699	Floppy Drive Error
POST 1400-1499	Printer Error
POST 1700-1799	Hard Drive Error
netstat	Port 15 TCP displays active TCP connections and other statistics
FTP	Port 20 Transfer Data Port 21 Flow Control
SSH	Port 22 TCP Remote Run Commands Security
Telnet	Port 23 TCP Remote Simple Text No Security
SMTP	Port 25 TCP Server to Server Email Xfer
DNS	Port 53 UDP/TCP Hostname to IP
TFTP	Port 69 UDP FTP, but faster and less reliable
HTTP	Port 80 TCP Web Browser
POP3	Port 110 TCP Mail to Client Email Xfer
NNTP	Port 119 TCP News Articles
NTP	Port 123 TCP Set network Clock
IMAP4	Port 143 TCP Like POP3, more features
SSL	Port 443 TCP Security for Browsers
EFS	Encrypted File System Can be used with BitLocker Not required for BitLocker
TPM	Trusted Platform Module Hardware Chip to preform Pre-boot security test Not required for BitLocker if using a separate boot device containing a key
DB-25 Connector	Parallel Port Sometimes Used for Serial Ports, but mostly obsolete
VGA Port	Three row 15-pin D Connector
MIDI/Joystick Port	Two-Row 15-Pin Connector Some cards can be configured to use the port as a MIDI or Joystick connector with a jumper or software
Corona Wire	Creates charge that transfers to the photosensitive drum Danger of electric shock
Fuser Roller	Heats up to bond toner to paper Should be off for at least an hour before touching Danger of burns
802.11n	2.4 or 5 GHz 600 Mbps (300 realistically) 300/600 Ft Range
802.11b	2.4 Ghz 11 Mbps 150/300 Ft Range
802.11g	2.4 Ghz 54 Mbps Most devices backwards compatible with 802.11b devices using the 11 Mbps bandwidth 150/300 Ft Range
802.11a	5 Ghz 54 Mbps 50/100 Ft Range
PPTP	Point-to-point Tunneling Protocol Used to implement VPNs
Auto-Switching Power Supply	Automatically adjust to different input voltages, allowing the device to be used in different countries
Class A	1.0.0.0 – 126.0.0.0 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 Private Range 126 Possible Addresses 16,777,214 Nodes Supported
Class B	128.0.0.0 – 191.0.0.0 Private Ranges 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.254 169.254.0.0 – 169.254.255.254 16,384 Possible Addresses 65,534 Nodes Supported
Class C	192.0.0.0 – 223.0.0.0 Private Range 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.254 2,097,152 Possible Addresses 254 Nodes Supported
Class D	Multicast 224.0.0.0 – 229.255.255.255
Class E	Reserved 240.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255
802.1x	Offers dynamic encryption key and a number of authentication methods through Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) including certificates, public keys, and Kerberos
APIPA Addresses	169.254.0.1 – 169.254.255.254 Windows Default Automatic Configuration Assigned when DHCP cannot be reached
Link Local Address	IPv6 equivalent of the APIPA Address Starts with FE80 Windows randomizes the rest of the address If not randomized, uses the MAC Address of the NIC Unlike APIPA, generated on device startup
DDR	184 Pins 200 on SODIMM
DDR2	240 Pins 200 on SODIMM
DDR3	240 Pins 204 on SODIMM
SDRAM	168 PIns
DDR4	288 Pins 256 on SODIMM
DDR Factors	DDRX = PC8X DDRX = 1/2X MHZ DDR2X = 1/4X MHZ DDR3X = 1/8X MHZ
CardBus	Slot for PCMCIA Cards 32 Bit Bus
PCMCIA Type I	68 Pins 3.3 MM
PCMCIA Type II	68 Pins 5 MM Compatible with I and II
PCMCIA Type III	68 Pins 10.5MM Compatible with I, II and III
Windows XP	233/300 MHz 64/512 MB RAM 1.5/4 GB HD None/Modern Network Card SVGA/Direct X 1024x768 Video Support Any CD or DVD Drive
Windows VIsta	1GHz/Any Dual Core 512MB/1 GB/2 GB RAM 20GB(15)/40GB(15)/100 GB HD Modern NIC w/Internet DirectX 9+32MB/128MB+pixelshader 2.0+WDDM and 32 bits per pixel/DirectX 10 and 512MB Any DVD Drive
Windows 7	1 GHz 1 GB RAM/2GB RAM 16GB/20 GB DirectX 9 with WDDM 1.0
STP	Shielded Twisted Pair
RG-59 / RG-6	Coaxial Cable 59 is thinner and doesn't carry data as far
Power Calculation	Power = Voltage x Amperage x Power Factor
RS-232	DB9 connector typically used for Serial Ports
MAN	Metropolitan Area Network Network covering a large geographic area, usually a city, merging together smaller LANs. Typically owned by a government or large corporation.
CAN	Campus area network Small geographic area network made up of multiple smaller LANs all grouped together
QoS	Protocol which prioritizes traffic based on the traffic's bandwidth needs.
SATA vs SATA 3.0	SATA 3.0 has code to optimize for high bandwidth applications such as sound and video
Thermal Printer Cleaning	Turn off and Access Door Release Head Move Ribbon Dampen Rag Wipe Dry Return Ribbon Return Head Close Door
Msinfo32	System Information Local or Remote
NLX	New Low Extended Profile Requires Riser Card for Adapter Cards Riser Allows Parallel Installation
WAN	Wide Area Network Large Network Comprised of Smaller Networks Across Vast Distances Example - Internet
ECC	Error Correcting RAM Number of Chips is Divisible by 9 Non-ECC Chips Divisible by 8
WSXGA+	1680 x 1050
QVGA	320 x 240
WVGA	854 x 480
SVGA	800 x 600
SXGA+	1400 x 1200
SXGA	1280 x 1024
VGA Types	QVGA WBGA SVGA SXGA SXGA WSXGA+
Windows 7 Upgrade Paths	Only from Vista and only to same 32 or 64 bit type
Windows Vista Upgrade Paths	Professional - Business or Ultimate Home - Any Media Center - Home Premium or Ultimate Tablet PC - Business or Ultimate Professional x64 - None
ExpressCard	34mm or 54mm Wide 75mm Long 5mm Thick
LGA	Intel Flat grid of contacts called "lands"
775	Pentium 4 Pentium D Core 2 Duo Core 2 Quad
1155	i3 i5 i7 Pentium Celeron
1156	i3 i5 i7 Pentium Celeron Xeon
1366	High Performance i7 Xeon Celeron Succeeded by LGA 2011
940	Athalon 64 FX Opteron
AM2	Athlon Opteron Sempron Phenom
AM2+	Athlon Opteron Phenom Phenom II
AM3	Phenom II Athlon II Sempron Opteron
AM3+	Phenom II Athlon II FX
FM1	Used for AMD APU APU is CPU and GPU Combined
F	Opteron

RAID 0

Disk striping (striped volume) Split across drives No data redundancy Improves read and write performance Minimum of two drives

RAID 1

Disk Mirroring Two Copies Redundancy

RAID 5

Disk Striping with Parity Multiple Drives Parity Drive Minimum 3 Disks

RAID 10

Mirrored Disk Striping AKA RAID 1+0 Data is striped and redundant Minimum of 4 Drives

ISA

Bus Width 8/16 Speed 8 MHz

MCA

Bus Width 32 Speed 10 MHz

VLB

Bus Width 32 Speed Speed of Local Bus

EISA

Bus Width 32 Speed 8 MHz

PCI

Bus Width 32/64 Speed 33 MHz

AGP

Bus Width 32 Speed 66 MHz

PCMCIA

Bus Width 16 Speed 33 MHz

PCI-X

Bus Width 32/64 Speed 66/133/266/ 533 MHz

PCIe

Bus Width Serial Speed Multiple lanes each carrying 250 Mbps v2 500 Mbps

USB 1.0

12 Mbps 127 Devices

USB 2.0

480 Mbps 127 Devices

USB 3.0

5 Gbps 127 Devices

IEEE 1394

AKA FireWire 400 Mbps 63 Devices

IEEE 1394b

AKA FireWire 800 800 Mbps 63 Devices

FireWire S1600

1.6 Gbps 63 Devices

FireWire S3200

3.2 Gbps 63 Devices

ntldr

Windows XP Operating system loader code

boot.ini

Windows XP Build the Operating System selection menu

ntdetect.com

Windows XP Performs Hardware Detection

ntoskrnl.exe

Windows XP Core Kernel Code responsible for tasks such as thread management

bootmgr

Windows Vista and 7 Operating System loader code (like NTLDR)

BCD

Windows Vista and 7 Builds the operating system selection menu; similar to boot.ini in Windows XP, but data resides in the BCD store. You can edit the boot configuration data with the bcdedit utility.

winload.exe

Windows Vista and 7 Loads windows OS if selected from the menu provided

winresume.exe

Windows Vista and 7 Resumes system from Hibernate state

POST 100-199

Motherboard Error

POST 200-299

Memory Error

POST 300-399

Keyboard Error

POST 600-699

Floppy Drive Error

POST 1400-1499

Printer Error

POST 1700-1799

Hard Drive Error

netstat

Port 15 TCP displays active TCP connections and other statistics

FTP

Port 20 Transfer Data Port 21 Flow Control

SSH

Port 22 TCP Remote Run Commands Security

Telnet

Port 23 TCP Remote Simple Text No Security

SMTP

Port 25 TCP Server to Server Email Xfer

DNS

Port 53 UDP/TCP Hostname to IP

TFTP

Port 69 UDP FTP, but faster and less reliable

HTTP

Port 80 TCP Web Browser

POP3

Port 110 TCP Mail to Client Email Xfer

NNTP

Port 119 TCP News Articles

NTP

Port 123 TCP Set network Clock

IMAP4

Port 143 TCP Like POP3, more features

SSL

Port 443 TCP Security for Browsers

EFS

Encrypted File System Can be used with BitLocker Not required for BitLocker

TPM

Trusted Platform Module Hardware Chip to preform Pre-boot security test Not required for BitLocker if using a separate boot device containing a key

DB-25 Connector

Parallel Port Sometimes Used for Serial Ports, but mostly obsolete

VGA Port

Three row 15-pin D Connector

MIDI/Joystick Port

Two-Row 15-Pin Connector Some cards can be configured to use the port as a MIDI or Joystick connector with a jumper or software

Corona Wire

Creates charge that transfers to the photosensitive drum Danger of electric shock

Fuser Roller

Heats up to bond toner to paper Should be off for at least an hour before touching Danger of burns

802.11n

2.4 or 5 GHz 600 Mbps (300 realistically) 300/600 Ft Range

802.11b

2.4 Ghz 11 Mbps 150/300 Ft Range

802.11g

2.4 Ghz 54 Mbps Most devices backwards compatible with 802.11b devices using the 11 Mbps bandwidth 150/300 Ft Range

802.11a

5 Ghz 54 Mbps 50/100 Ft Range

PPTP

Point-to-point Tunneling Protocol Used to implement VPNs

Auto-Switching Power Supply

Automatically adjust to different input voltages, allowing the device to be used in different countries

Class A

1.0.0.0 – 126.0.0.0 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 Private Range 126 Possible Addresses 16,777,214 Nodes Supported

Class B

128.0.0.0 – 191.0.0.0 Private Ranges 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.254 169.254.0.0 – 169.254.255.254 16,384 Possible Addresses 65,534 Nodes Supported

Class C

192.0.0.0 – 223.0.0.0 Private Range 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.254 2,097,152 Possible Addresses 254 Nodes Supported

Class D

Multicast 224.0.0.0 – 229.255.255.255

Class E

Reserved 240.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255

802.1x

Offers dynamic encryption key and a number of authentication methods through Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) including certificates, public keys, and Kerberos

APIPA Addresses

169.254.0.1 – 169.254.255.254 Windows Default Automatic Configuration Assigned when DHCP cannot be reached

Link Local Address

IPv6 equivalent of the APIPA Address Starts with FE80 Windows randomizes the rest of the address If not randomized, uses the MAC Address of the NIC Unlike APIPA, generated on device startup

DDR

184 Pins 200 on SODIMM

DDR2

240 Pins 200 on SODIMM

DDR3

240 Pins 204 on SODIMM

SDRAM

168 PIns

DDR4

288 Pins 256 on SODIMM

DDR Factors

DDRX = PC8X DDRX = 1/2X MHZ DDR2X = 1/4X MHZ DDR3X = 1/8X MHZ

CardBus

Slot for PCMCIA Cards 32 Bit Bus

PCMCIA Type I

68 Pins 3.3 MM

PCMCIA Type II

68 Pins 5 MM Compatible with I and II

PCMCIA Type III

68 Pins 10.5MM Compatible with I, II and III

Windows XP

233/300 MHz 64/512 MB RAM 1.5/4 GB HD None/Modern Network Card SVGA/Direct X 1024x768 Video Support Any CD or DVD Drive

Windows VIsta

1GHz/Any Dual Core 512MB/1 GB/2 GB RAM 20GB(15)/40GB(15)/100 GB HD Modern NIC w/Internet DirectX 9+32MB/128MB+pixelshader 2.0+WDDM and 32 bits per pixel/DirectX 10 and 512MB Any DVD Drive

Windows 7

1 GHz 1 GB RAM/2GB RAM 16GB/20 GB DirectX 9 with WDDM 1.0

STP

Shielded Twisted Pair

RG-59 / RG-6

Coaxial Cable 59 is thinner and doesn't carry data as far

Power Calculation

Power = Voltage x Amperage x Power Factor

RS-232

DB9 connector typically used for Serial Ports

MAN

Metropolitan Area Network Network covering a large geographic area, usually a city, merging together smaller LANs. Typically owned by a government or large corporation.

CAN

Campus area network Small geographic area network made up of multiple smaller LANs all grouped together

QoS

Protocol which prioritizes traffic based on the traffic's bandwidth needs.

SATA vs SATA 3.0

SATA 3.0 has code to optimize for high bandwidth applications such as sound and video

Thermal Printer Cleaning

Turn off and Access Door Release Head Move Ribbon Dampen Rag Wipe Dry Return Ribbon Return Head Close Door

Msinfo32

System Information Local or Remote

NLX

New Low Extended Profile Requires Riser Card for Adapter Cards Riser Allows Parallel Installation

WAN

Wide Area Network Large Network Comprised of Smaller Networks Across Vast Distances Example - Internet

ECC

Error Correcting RAM Number of Chips is Divisible by 9 Non-ECC Chips Divisible by 8

WSXGA+

1680 x 1050

QVGA

320 x 240

WVGA

854 x 480

SVGA

800 x 600

SXGA+

1400 x 1200

SXGA

1280 x 1024

VGA Types

QVGA WBGA SVGA SXGA SXGA WSXGA+

Windows 7 Upgrade Paths

Only from Vista and only to same 32 or 64 bit type

Windows Vista Upgrade Paths

Professional - Business or Ultimate Home - Any Media Center - Home Premium or Ultimate Tablet PC - Business or Ultimate Professional x64 - None

ExpressCard

34mm or 54mm Wide 75mm Long 5mm Thick

LGA

Intel Flat grid of contacts called "lands"

775

Pentium 4 Pentium D Core 2 Duo Core 2 Quad

1155

i3 i5 i7 Pentium Celeron

1156

i3 i5 i7 Pentium Celeron Xeon

1366

High Performance i7 Xeon Celeron Succeeded by LGA 2011

940

Athalon 64 FX Opteron

AM2

Athlon Opteron Sempron Phenom

AM2+

Athlon Opteron Phenom Phenom II

AM3

Phenom II Athlon II Sempron Opteron

AM3+

Phenom II Athlon II FX

FM1

Used for AMD APU APU is CPU and GPU Combined

F

Opteron

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