Week 2

Pregunta	Respuesta
Deviance can have positive benefits.	True
Durkheim argues deviance is not critical to society.	False, deviance is critical to society.
Crime is normal.	True
Structural Functionalism	it is not normal by norms, values, or laws
Crime allows change to shape the form of society.	True.
Blocked Opportunity Structure	People cannot attain their goal legitimately
What are two important elements of social and cultural structures?	1. Culturally defined goals, purposes, and interests, held out as legitimate objectives for all or for certain members of society. 2. Defines, regulates, and controls the acceptable modes of reaching out for these goals.
Anomie	normlessness; society becomes unstable
What are three culture axioms?	1. Everyone should strive for the same goals since they are open to all. 2. Present seeming failure is but a way-station to ultimate success. 3. Genuine failure consists only in the lessening or withdrawal of ambition.
What are the types of individual adaptation?	Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, Retreatism, and Rebellion
Conformity	Accepts both cultural goals and institutionalized means (+,+)
Innovation	Assimilated the culture goal without assimilation institutionalized means (+,-)
Ritualism	Rejection of cultural goals and acceptance of institutionalized means. (-,+)
Retreatism	Rejection of both culture goals and institutionalized means. (-,-)
Rebellion	rejection of prevailing values and substitution of news values in both culture goals and institutionalized means (+-,+-)
Differential Association	States crime is learned in much the same way as all ordinary behavior and represents the expression of the same behavior needs and values as other behavior.
Criminal behavior is learned.	True, one can conclude it is not inherited.
Criminal behavior is not learned in interaction with other persons in a process of communication.	False; criminal behavior is learned while interaction with others.
The principal part of the learning of criminal behavior occurs within intimate personal groups.	True; this also includes social media such as movies and newspapers.
What does learning include when criminal behavior is learned?	1. techniques of committing the crime (complicated or simple) 2. the specific direction of motive, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes.
The specific direction of motives and drives is learned from _____.	definitions of the legal codes as favorable or unfavorable.
How does a person becomes delinquent?	With an excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of law.
Does differential associations vary?	Yes, from frequency, duration, priority, and intensity.
Criminal behavior can be learned through the process of imitation.	True.
Control theory	Argue that an individual's bond to society is weak or broken.
What are the elements of the bond?	Attachment, Commitment, Involvement, Belief
Attachment	If an individual has a strong attachment with another important individual, they are less likely to be criminal.
Commitment	If the organization of society is such that the interests of most persons would be endangered if they were to engage in criminal acts.
Involvement	If an individual is involvement in the community or in school, they are less likely to engaged in criminal behavior because of the lack of time.
Belief	If an individual has strong religious beliefs, they are less likely to engage in criminal acts.
Feminist Theory	Points out that most theories pertain to males and not females.
Girls and delinquency	1.Girls are more vulnerable to physical and sexual abuse in home than boys. 2. Girls are more likely to runaway. 3. Girls are more likely to have sexual behavior patterns.
Constructionist Perspective	It recognizes that people can only understand the world in terms of words and categories that they create and share with one another.
Advantages of studying social problems	1. Constructionists had the field virtually to themselves. 2. Flexible
What theories emerged the constructionist approach?	The labeling and conflict theories

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