Pavlov & Skinner: Conditioning

Pregunta	Respuesta
Classical Conditioning	Pavlovian: Use stimulus to create a response. Condition stimuli and responses. Tangible/predictable patterns of behavior
Unconditioned Stimulus	causes automatic, physical response
Unconditioned Response	automatic reflexive response
Operant Conditioning	Skinner: reward/punishment presented after natural behavior causes learning/shaping. behaviors can be random
Operant Level	number of times the behavior happens prior to conditioning
Shaping	experimental rewards successive approximations that lead to a complicated response
Successive approximations	small steps to learning a complicated behavior
differential reinforcements	reinforce only the appropriate response and apply extinction to all other responses
reinforcement	increases likelihood of a behavior
punishment	decreases the likelihood of a behavior
positive reinforcement	presents a reward
negative reinforcement	takes away a negative stimulus
positive punishment	adds an element that decreases the likelihood of the behavior
negative punishment	takes away something pleasurable
extinction	when a behavior becomes progressively weakened upon non reinforcement
What are the drawbacks of using punishment?	instills fear, teaches only what not to do, justifies infliction of pain
Primary Reinforcer	related to survival (food, water, oxygen, elimination, sexual activity)
Secondary Reinforcer	biologically neutral; associated with primary (money=food) Responsible for most human behavior
Reinforcement Schedules	intervals when rewards or punishments are given
Fixed Interval Schedule	rewards presented at set intervals of time
Variable Interval Schedule	rewards presented at varying times
Fixed Ratio Schedule	reward presented continuously after a number of repetitions of the behavior
Variable Ratio Schedule	(best rate of response) Reward presented after an unknown number of repetitions

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