C4: Chemical Patterns

Pregunta	Respuesta
Atoms of different elements have different...	Proton numbers
Arranging elements in order of their proton numbers is called...	Periodicity - repeating patterns of their properties
What early attempts to link elements together were dismissed by the scientific community?	Döbereiner's triads - linked in threes with average RAM in middle Newlands' octaves - linked by every eighth with similar properties
What did Mendeleev's Periodic Table enable him to do?	Predict the properties of newly discovered elements - their relative atomic mass and chemical properties
What is a group on the periodic table?	Vertical column - elements have similar properties
How can you use a Periodic Table to classify if an element is a metal or a non-metal?	Which side element is on - left is metal and right is non-metal
What are the chemical symbols for Group 1 metals?	Lithium = Li Sodium = Na Potassium = K
What happens when alkali metals are cut?	Tarnish - become dull due to a layer of oxide
Describe the reactions of lithium, sodium and potassium with water	Reacts vigorously - releases hydrogen gas and a metal hydroxide in an alkaline solution (MOH)
What are compounds of alkali metals with chlorine called?	Salts - crystalline solids, soluble in water
What's the pattern of Group 1 alkali metals as you go down the group?	Becomes more reactive - melting/boiling points decrease as you go down the group
What are the precautions necessary for working with Group 1 metals?	Can react with water - wear protective gloves and goggles
What are the chemical symbols for Group 7 halogens?	Chlorine = Cl Bromine = Br Iodine = I
What are the states of Group 7 halogens at room temperature?	Chlorine - green gas, toxic Bromine - red liquid, toxic and corrosive Iodine - purple solid, harmful
What do halogen molecules consist of?	Diatomic molecules
What happens in displacement reactions?	Alkali metals - chlorine +sodium bromide -> sodium chloride +bromine Iron - glows more with chlorine that it does bromine and iodine
What precautions need to be taken when dealing with Group 7 halogens?	Toxic gases - eye protection and fume cupboard Corrosive - chemical resistant gloves
What's the formulae for hydrogen, water and halogen?	Hydrogen - H(little 2) Water - H(little 2)O Halogen - Cl(little 2), Br(little 2), I(little 2)
Chlorides, bromides and iodides for lithium, sodium and potassium	LiCl (lithium chloride) NaCl (sodium chloride) KCl (potassium chloride)
Write balanced symbol equation for sodium and water	sodium + water -> sodium hydroxide + hydrogen 2Na + H2O -> 2NaOH +H2
What's the structure of an atom?	Nucleus - protons and neutrons Outside - electrons in shells
What's the relative masses and charges of protons, neutrons and electrons?	Proton - RAM 1, charge +1 Neutron - RAM 1, charge 0 Electron - RAM 0.0005, charge -1

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