Lecture 1 Nomenclature

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Key terms in Lecture 1 of ANA300
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Microscopic Anatomy can't see with naked eye
Cytology internal structure of cells, smallest units of life
Histology examines tissues, specialized cells and cell products that work together to perform specific functions
Organs tissues in combination (i.e. heart, kidney, liver, brain); they are anatomical units with multiple functions
Gross/Macroscopic Anatomy relatively large structures and features that can be seen with the naked eye
Anatomical position person standing with legs together, feet flat on the floor, hands at side, palms facing outward
Transverse/Horizontal/Cross-Sectional - all three terms are synonymous in humans - plane oriented perpendicular to long axis - separates superior and inferior portions
Saggital Plane - oriented parallel to long axis - separates right and left portions of the body
Frontal/Coronal Plane - oriented parallel to long axis - separates front and back portions of the body
Special Case: Mid-sagittal Midsagittalpasses through midline diving the body into right and left halves
Para-sagittal Parasagittal misses midline, creating right and left portions of unequal sizes
Anterior Vs. Posterior (~ ventral vs. dorsal in upright animals such as humans) Anterior = front, before "Navel is on the anterior surface of the trunk" Posterior = back, behind "Shoulder blade is located posterior to the rib cage"
Superior Vs. Inferior Superior = above; at a higher level (in human body, towards head) Inferior = below; at a lower level; toward the feet
Cranial/cephalic vs. Caudal Cranial/Cephalic = toward the head "Cranial or cephalic border of the pelvis is superior to the high" Caudal = toward the tail (coccyx) in humans "Hips are caudal to the waist"
Medial Vs. Lateral Medial = toward the midline (longitudinal axis of the body) "Medial surfaces of the thighs may be in contact" Lateral = away from the midline (longitudinal axis of the body "The femur articulates with the lateral surface of the pelvis"
Proximal Vs. Distal (used to refer to tubular systems and limbs) Proximal = toward an attached base "Thigh is proximal to the foot" Distal = away from an attached base "Fingers are distal to the wrist"
Superficial Vs. Deep Superficial = at, near, or relatively close to the body surface "Skin is superficial to underlying structures" Deep = towards the interior of the body, farther from the surface "Bone of the thigh is deep to the surrounding skeletal muscles"
Rostral Near front end of the body, especially in the region of the nose or mouth; means "beak"
Sectional Nomenclature produces a 2D representation of a 3D structure
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