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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| 14th Amendment | one of the civil War Amendment; defined US citizenship and guarantees "equal protection under the laws |
| De Jure Segregation | segregation established by law; for example Jim Crow and the Supreme Court decision in Plessy V. Ferguson |
| De Facto Segregation | Latin phrase that means "by fact". Segregation that occurred NOT by law but as a result of tradition |
| Jim Crow Law | Segregation laws in the South |
| Original Jurisdiction | Authority of a court to hear a case for the FIRST time |
| Appellate Jurisdiction | The authority of a court to hear a case APPEALED from a lower court |
| Legal Brief | a written document explaining the position of one side or the other in a case |
| Majority Opinion | a statement that present the views of the majority of the Supreme Court justices regarding a case |
| Dissenting Opinion | a statement written by the Supreme Court justice who disagrees with the majority opinion |
| "Stare Decisis" | principle followed by judges and the Supreme Court |
| Precedent | a ruling that is used as the basis for a judicial for a judicial decision in a later, similar case |
| Due Process of Laws | means fair and equal treatment in a court of law |
| Dead Scott v. Sanford | case of a slave named Dred Scott. The Supreme Court ruled that enslaved African Americans were property, not citizens, and had no right under the Constitution |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | case about Homer Plessy, a black man, who purchased a ticket to ride in the whites only railroad car in Louisiana |
| Brown v. Board of the Education of Topeka, Kansas | banned segregation in public schools |
| Briggs v. Elliot | case that challenged segregated schools in Clarendon County, South Carolina |
| Korematsu v. United States | During WWII Japanese American citizens living on the West Coast were moved to internment camps |
| University of California v. Bakke | Supreme Court case on affirmative on action. |
| Reverend J. A. Delaine | To the South, the United States Supreme Court's decision to end segregation in the nation's public schools was a calamity; for a middle age Methodist minister from Clarendon County, South Carolina, it was the fulfillment of a lifelong crusade. The Reverend Joseph Armstrong DeLaine, who died in 1974 |
| Harry Briggs Jr. | As a young child in segregated South Carolina, Harry Briggs, Jr. experienced the poor conditions of black schools, which were poorly heated, crowded and lacking resources. His parents, Harry Briggs, Sr. and Eliza Briggs, were one of several groups of parents who filed suit against the school board in Clarendon County, South Carolina. |
| Thurgood Marshall | Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice. |
| John W. Davis | John William Davis was an American politician, diplomat and lawyer. He served as a United States Representative from West Virginia from 1911 to 1913, |
| Earl Warren | Earl Warren was an American jurist and politician, who served as the 30th Governor of California and later the 14th Chief Justice of the United States. |
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