Ch. 9 Vocab

Pregunta	Respuesta
Developmental Psychologist	A branch of psychology that studies changes in human behavior from early life to death.
Nature vs. Nurture	This debate within psychology is concerned with the extent to which particular aspects of behavior are a product of either inherited or acquired characteristics.
Cross-sectional Research	A type of observational study that involves the analysis of data collected from a population, or a representative subset, at one specific point in time
Longitudinal Research	Research over a long period of time.
Zygote, Embryo, Fetus	A cell made when the sperm and egg meet; An unborn offspring; Human baby after 8 weeks of conception
Teratogens	An agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)	A congenital syndrome caused by excessive consumption of alcohol by the mother during pregnancy
Rooting Reflex	A reflex that is seen in normal newborn babies, who automatically turn the face toward the stimulus and make sucking motions with the mouth when the cheek or lip is touched.
Moro Reflex	An infantile reflex normally present in all infants/newborns up to 4 or 5 months of age as a response to a sudden loss of support, when the infant feels as if it is falling.
Babinski Reflex	A reflex action in which the big toe remains extended or extends itself when the sole of the foot is stimulated.
Harry Harlow attachment research	Performed on monkeys to see which mother they would run to for comfort
Contact Comfort	The innate pleasure derived from close physical contact.
Konrad and Imprinting	Come to recognize (another animal, person, or thing) as a parent or other object of habitual trust.
Critical Period	A period during someone's development in which a particular skill or characteristic is believed to be most readily acquired.
Mary Ainsworth/ "Strange situation"	A procedure devised by Mary Ainsworth in the 1970s to observe attachment relationships between a caregiver and child. It applies to children between the age of nine and 18 months
Secure attachments	Classified by children who show some distress when their caregiver leaves but are able to compose themselves and do something knowing that their caregiver will return.
Avoidant attachments	Attachment style that is characterized by the urge to protect oneself and stay away from relationships, while at the same time having an urge to be in a relationship.
Anxious/ambivalent attachment	A child with the anxious-avoidant insecure attachment style will avoid or ignore the caregiver – showing little emotion when the caregiver departs or returns.
Authoritarian	A style characterized by high demands and low responsiveness.
Permissive	Characterized as having few behavioral expectations for the child.
Authoritative	A style characterized by reasonable demands and high responsiveness

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