Media Exam Terminology

Pregunta	Respuesta
Stereotype	Stereotypes can be negative representations of people they rely on ideas about the group that person is belongs to e.g. accountants are all boring. Stereotypes can be a very lazy method of characterisation. Stereotypes may be considered dangerous, as they encourage audiences to think large groups of people are all the same, and often have the same negative characteristics.
Genre	A way of categorising a media text according to its form, style and content. This categorisation is useful for producers and audiences. They both know what to expect from a genre.
Enigma	A question that is not immediately answered and thus draws an audience into a text e.g. a body is discovered at the beginning of a TV detective drama. The killer's identity is an enigma. We watch to find out who the killer is.
Convergence	The way in which technologies and institutions come together in order to create something new. Cinema is the result of the convergence of photography. The iPad represents the convergence of books, TV, maps, the internet and the mobile phone.
Mise-en-scène	The arrangement of everything that appears in the framing – actors, lighting, décor, props, costume – is called mise-en-scène, a French term that means “placing on stage.”
Demographic	What media uses to target a population sample using age, gender, race, nationality, income, disability, education.
Denotation	the actual description of an image e.g there is a boy in the sea the water is blue
Connotation	meaning by association, the deeper meaning e.g. the boy is feeling cold and alone and isolated
Censorship	Control over the content of a media text – sometimes by the government, but usually by a regulatory body like the British Board of Film censors.
CGI	Computer Generated Imagery, Refers to the (usually) 3-D effects that enhance all kinds of still and moving images, from text effects, to digital snow or fire, to the generation of entire landscape
Code	A sign or convention through which the media communicates meaning to us because we have learned to read it.
Technical codes	All to do with the way a text is technically constructed – camera angles, framing, typography, lighting etc.
Visual codes	Codes that are decoded on a mainly connotational level – things that draw on our experience and understanding of other media texts, this includes
Iconography	Is concerned with the use of visual images and how they trigger the audiences expectations of a particular genre, such as a knife in slasher horror films.
Consumer	Purchaser, listener, viewer or reader of media products.
Diegetic Sound	Sound whose source is visible on the screen
Non Diegetic sound	Sound effects, music or narration which is added afterwards
Genre	The type or category of a media text, according to its form, style and content.
Hypodermic Needle Theory	The idea that the media can ‘inject’ ideas and messages straight into the passive audience. This passive audience is immediately affected by these messages. Used in advertising and propoganda, led to moral panics about effect of violent video and computer games.
Media Platform	This refers to the different ways that media content is delivered, mainly via TV, laptop, tablet, smartphone, cinema, video/computer game, printed page etc. for instance the BBC delivers content via TV, laptop and mobile device, and also through printed publications. Most media organisations deliver their content via a multitude of platforms.
Media product	A text that has been designed to be consumed by an audience. E.G a film, radio show, newspaper etc.
Narrative code	The way a story is put together within a text, traditionally equilibrium- disequilibrium, new equilibrium, but some text are fractured or non liner, eg Pulp Fiction.
Sound Effects	Additional sounds other than dialogue or music, designed to add realism or atmosphere.
Uses and Gratifications	Ideas about how people use the media and what gratification they get from it. It assumes that members of the audience are not passive but take an active role in interpreting and integrating media into their own lives.
Niche Audience	is a small group of consumers who have a very unique interest
Mass Audience	A large group of consumers who have the same interests (when viewing 'The Voice' you are part of a Mass Audience)
Individual consumption	You are consuming media as an individual when you are reading on your phone or Kindle
Group Consumption	You consume media as a group when you are at the cinema

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