5 terms APUSH Maddie Fisher

Pregunta	Respuesta
Samuel Morse	A painter and inventor who created Morse Code.
Panic of 1857	A financial panic in the United States caused by the declining international economy and over-expansion of the domestic economy.
Great American Desert	The term applied to the land west of the Missouri River and east of the Rocky Mountains.
Gold Rush	Thousands of miners traveled to Northern California after news reports of the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in January of 1848 had spread around the world. This caused Californians to apply for statehood in 1849.
John Tyler	John Tyler was elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died 1841-1845. He was responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk.
Ostend Manifesto	Suggested that if Spain refused to sell Cuba to the United States, the United States would be justified in seizing the island. Northerners claimed it was a plot to expand slavery and the Manifesto was disavowed.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo	Ended the Mexican War in 1848. Determined that the US gets California, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, & Arizona.
Gadsen Purchase	In 1853, James Gadsden, U.S. Minister to Mexico, engineered the purchase of over 29,000 square miles of Mexican territory south of the Gila River. It provided a potential route for construction of a transcontinental railroad.
Matthew Perry	The military leader who convinced the Japanese to sign a treaty in 1853 with the U.S. The treaty allowed for a commercial foot in Japan which was helpful with furthering a relationship with Japan.
Bleeding Kansas	The contest between pro and antislavery settlers for control of Kansas Territory provoked violence and bloodshed in 1855. For partisan reasons, President Pierce's administration failed to peacefully implement popular sovereignty in this region.
Popular Sovergnity	The people hold the final authority in all matters of government.
Stephen Douglas	Douglas took over for Henry Clay in the Compromise of 1850. Clay could not get the compromised passed because neither party wanted to pass it. Douglas split the compromise up to get it passed.
Millard Fillmore	In 1850, President Taylor died suddenly and Vice President Millard Fillmore took over for him. President Fillmore signed a series of compromises and sent Matthew Perry to Japan.
John Fremont	Led groups into southwestern Mexico to claim California as an independent nation.
James Buchanan	The 15th President of the United States (1857-1861). He tried to maintain a balance between proslavery and antislavery factions, but his moderate views angered radicals in both North and South, and he was unable to forestall the secession of South Carolina in 1860.
Secession	The action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state.
Harriet Tubman	Born a slave on a Maryland plantation, she escaped to the North in 1849 and became the most renowned conductor on the Underground Railroad, leading more than 300 slaves to freedom.
Freeport Doctrine	During the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Douglas declared that, even in the face of the Dred Scott decision, the people of a territory could exclude slavery simply by not passing the local laws essential for holding blacks in bondage. Gave power to local gov'ts to control slavery.
Harper's Ferry	John Brown of Kansas attempted to create a major revolt among the slaves. He wanted to ride down the river and provide the slaves with arms from the North, but he failed to get the slaves organized. Brown was captured. The South saw the act as one of treason and were encouraged to separate from the North, and Brown became a martyr to the northern abolitionist cause.
Uncle Tom's Cabin	Written by harriet beecher stowe in 1853; Highly influenced New England's view on the American Deep South and slavery. Intensified sectional conflict.
Border States	Any of the slave states that bordered the northern free states during the US Civil War.
Morill Land Grand Act	Provided grants of land to states to finance the establishment of colleges specializing in “agriculture and the mechanic arts.”
Pacific Railway Act	An act to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean, and to secure to the government the use of the same for postal, military, and other purposes.
Homestead Act	Act that allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30.
David Farragut	American naval commander in the War of 1812 and the U.S. Civil War and spoke the famous quote, "Damn the torpedoes!"
Habeas Corpus	A writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention.
Consfication Acts	Act of Congress during the early months of the American Civil War permitting the confiscation of any of property, including slaves, being used to support the Confederate insurrection.
Emancipation Proclamation	The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued on January 1, 1863, by President Lincoln freeing slaves in all portions of the United States not then under Union control (that is, within the Confederacy).
Credit Mobilier	The Credit Mobilier scandal of 1872 involved the Union Pacific Railroad and the Credit Mobilier of America construction company in the building of the eastern portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad.
Boss Tweed	A New York City political leader, known as Boss Tweed, who in the late 1860s ran a network of corrupt city officials called the Tweed Ring.
Patronage	The power to control appointments to office or the right to privileges.
Thomas Nast	German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist considered to be the "Father of the American Cartoon". He was the scourge of Democratic Representative "Boss" Tweed and the Tammany Hall Democratic party political machine.
Horace Greeley	Editor of the New-York Tribune, among the great newspapers of its time. Long active in politics, he served briefly as a congressman from New York, and was the candidate of the Democratic and Liberal Republican parties in the 1872 presidential election.
Panic of 1873	A major economic reversal began in Europe and reached the United States in the fall of 1873.
Charles Sumner	American politician and senator from Massachusetts.
Edwin Stanton	Lawyer and politician who served as Secretary of War under the Lincoln Administration during most of the American Civil War.
Sharecropping	When a tenant farmer gives a part of each crop as rent.
Force Acts	Series of four acts passed by Republican Reconstruction supporters in the Congress between May 31, 1870, and March 1, 1875, to protect the constitutional rights guaranteed to blacks by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.

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