~Psychology~

Pregunta	Respuesta
What is conformity?	Accepting influence to gain a favourable reaction from those around them.
Who tested 32 groups of 6 women with 2 confederates and 4 participants in their study?	Moscovici et al (1969).
Explain the conversion theory?	People are motivated to reduce conflict and examine a minority argument; seeing why it differs from their own.
What is meant by informative social influence?	Going along with a group of people as you genuinely believe that they're right with their point of view.
Who conducted a study which consisted of showing a series of lines to participants?	Solomon Asch.
What is meant by internalisation?	Accepting influence because the attitude's content is consistent with your own.
Describe a statistic from Asch's study?	He found that 36% of people conformed by giving incorrect responses.
Define McCarthyism.	A period of strong anti-communist feeling (America) where people were afraid to be different (1950's).
A statistic from Moscovici's findings?	8% of participants agreed the slides were green.
What is compliance?	Exposure from a majority and adopting behaviour from a group.
Kelman's 3 types of conformity?	Compliance. Internalisation. Identification.
What Milgram concluded after his experiment?	Ordinary people can become very obedient to authority.
Describe obedience?	Someone acting in response from a direct order from an authority figure.
Who tested the importance of situational factors on people?	Zimbardo.
Explain internal validity.	When an experiment achieves what it originally set out to do. (Realistic experiment).
Who supported Milgram and found that nurses can administer a fake drug to patients?	Hofling et al.
What Bickman found out?	People are more obedient if they are taking orders from a person in a uniform.
Define external validity.	How research is able to be generalised to surroundings over time.
Explain 'agentic shift'?	When a person sees themselves as an agent carrying out someone else's wishes.
What Smith and Bond found?	Conformity is a product of social conditions (some groups likely to conform than compared with others).
What are the roles of 'buffers'?	The participant is protected from seeing the consequences of their actions on the victim.
Orne and Holland argued that...	Milgram's study lacked in internal validity (seen as unrealistic).
What is normative social influence?	Acting like the majority but without accepting the point(s) of view.
What is meant by 'Locus of Control'?	Aspect of one's behaviour- people differ in their beliefs when outcomes are in their control or not.
What is social change?	Society adopting a new behavior/set of beliefs that are then seen as the 'norm'.

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