Biology 108 - Types of Evolution and Traits

Descripción

Chemistry 101 Biology 108 Fichas sobre Biology 108 - Types of Evolution and Traits, creado por jennabarnes12387 el 13/03/2014.
jennabarnes12387
Fichas por jennabarnes12387, actualizado hace más de 1 año
jennabarnes12387
Creado por jennabarnes12387 hace más de 10 años
38
1

Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta Respuesta
What are analogous traits? similar structures that are not the result of common evolution and ancestors. based on similar function but not always in morphology. comes from Homoplasy
what is homoplasy? the cladisitc term for a analogous trait that leads to an analogous trait
what is a homologous trait? a similar trait that is a result of a common ancestor
What is divergent Evolution a common ancestor that leads to descendent species having shared homologous traits
whales and hippos have similar traits and have a common ancestor. What kind of traits do they share? homologous
Dolphins, a mammal, and a primitive reptile looks similar but are not even in the same family. what kind of shared trait is this? analogous
what is convergence? similar appearance that is not do to common ancestry e.g. human height
what is Parallelsim? the independent evolution of similar structures do to common ancestry in species that separated early in their evolution e.g. difference kinds of clawed feet in owls and hawks
what are character states? the alternate form of a trait e.g. humans can be short medium or tall
what is a primitive character state? the earlierst form of the trait that would eventally divide into different character states. if it is shared by many organisms it is called a share primitive character state or a symplesiomorphic trait
What is a derived character state? a descendent character state that came from a primitive character state. a shared derived character state is called synapomorphic and is the same as homologous similarities
What is the phonetic approach to systematics? this is numerical taxonomy, naming the organisms using numbers
What is the cladistics approach to systematics? a way of classifying organisms based on phylogenetics
What is the synthetic approach to systematics? this is evolutionary systematics and is a mix of cladistics and phonetic
Who were Peter Sneath and Robert Saki? Explain their approach to systematics. both were scientists that studied soft-bodied animals. they were also both strong mathematicians and statisticians. Together the used one of the first computers to run an analyses using numbers to group organisms based on shared traits. no assumptions were made and the information was simply determined by measurable similarities and differences. all in 0s and 1s based on if a trat is present or not. this information was then printed by the computer into a dendrogram or a phenogram
Who was Will Hennic? What important information did he provide about systematics? Will Hennic wrote a scientific book in old german so it didnt do very were. Two scienctists, one from the Us of from England, found his book and had it translated. The book stated that many characteristics can be measured but not all are useful. his study was based on characteristics that clearly reveal evolutionary relatiosnships by looking at shared derived characteristics or synapomorphies. stated that your phylogeny can be found from your classification
What are the three basic rules of cladistics? all species in a natural must share the same most resent common ancestor. all species that share this ancestor must be included in this group. the end goal of this method is to make a monophyletic tree
what is a monophyletic group? all species in this group share a most resent common ancestor. all species that shre this ancestor must be in this group. a cladogram shows many branched monophyletic groups with nodes where branches, which represent phyletic lineage, separates. the nodes represent a common ancestor. the ends of the branches are called terminal taxons which are the most specific groups
What is a polyphyletic group? includes species from different monophyletic groups based on more general characterisitcs. e.g. humans and birds are from different monophyletic groupss but they are both warm blooded so they can be in a polyphyletic group together.
what is a paraphyletic group? a taxon in which all the species included share a most recent common ancestor but not all species that have this most recent common ancestor is included
Mostrar resumen completo Ocultar resumen completo

Similar

Biology 108 - Kingdom Plantae: Non-Vascular Plants
jennabarnes12387
Biology 108 - Protists
jennabarnes12387
Biology 108 - Taxonomy and Systematics
jennabarnes12387
Biology 108 - Species Classification and Speciation
jennabarnes12387
Biology 108 - Sex and Reproduction
jennabarnes12387
Biology 108 - Archea
jennabarnes12387
Biology 108 - History of Life
jennabarnes12387
Biology 108 - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Evolutionary Relationships
jennabarnes12387
Animal Development I
Macey Peterson
Biology 108 - Geological History part 2
jennabarnes12387
Biology 108 - Natural Selection
jennabarnes12387