Principles of injury prevention and control

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Public health Fichas sobre Principles of injury prevention and control, creado por Ashutosh Kumar el 31/03/2017.
Ashutosh Kumar
Fichas por Ashutosh Kumar, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Ashutosh Kumar
Creado por Ashutosh Kumar hace más de 7 años
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Definition of an injury: Definition of an injury: Body damage which occurs as a result of either (a) acute exposure to excess energy, or (b) absence of such essentials such a heat and oxygen.
Host, agent and environment model: Host, agent and environment model: Host: Individual at risk. Agent: Excess energy. Vector: Means of transfer. Environment: Physical/Psychosocial
Injury classifications: Injury classifications: Nature of injury. Mechanism of injury. Hazard that caused injury. Severity/threat of injury.
Injury pyramid: Top: Injury pyramid: Top: Fatalities; less common but most severe. Hospitalizations Emergency department, primary care etc Home dealt with.
Burden of injury: Burden of injury: Disability adjusted life years (DALY’s) Year of life lost (YLL) constitute 80% of the burden.
High risk groups: High risk groups: Maori have higher rates of both unintentional and intentional injury. Maori have 2 x the age standardized rates of serious injury vs the rest of the population but a lower rates of falls, likely due to a younger population. M>F
Largest causes of injury: Largest causes of injury: Self inflicted; suicide Traffic accidents Falls Injury is the leading cause of death of New Zealanders in the ages between 1 and 34.
Injury vs accident: Injury vs accident: Accident: An unexpected or undesirable event; implies that there is no human influence or control. Injuries are not accidents.
Types of prevention: Types of prevention: Active: Requires individual action, and therefore is less reliable to make an impact. Passive: Does not require individual action and is therefore more efficacious and likely to make a bigger health impact. Primary, secondary and tertiary. Home, vector and environmental level preventions.
Three phases for prevention: Haddon matrix: Haddon strategies: Three phases for prevention: Pre-event. During event. Post-event. Haddon matrix: Pre, event and post event categorization of interventions at the human, agent and environmental levels. Haddon strategies: Prevent existence of agent. Prevent release of agent. Separate agent from host. Protection for host.
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