West Africa

West Africa

Mali
1. Geography:
  1. After Ghana ended, No one controlled the trans-Saharan trade
    1. Expanded to the Atlantic ocean
      1. Malinke had been active in Ghana's gold trade in 1230
        While Mali was expanding Mansa Musa came to power in 1307
        Control of the Niger River helped Mali grow as an empire
        Agriculture
2. Religion:
  1. There were stories of reign told in epics
    1. Musa had strong feelings about his religion, Muslim
      1. Introduced into West Africa
        Islam became a powerful influence
3. Achievements:
  1. Grew wealthier than ever
    1. Wealth mostly came from the tax of the gold trade
      1. They kept order of the Saharan Trade
        The Army kept life in Mali relatively peaceful
4. 1. Mansa Musa came to power in 1307
    1. The empire of Mali rose to power in the 1230s and on the same territory
      1. The king named, Sundiata, rose to power
        He ruled hor 25 years
5. Economics:
  1. The wealth mostly came from the taxation of the gold trade
    1. They became a wealthy and sophisticated empire
      1. Wealthier than ever
        They achieved of being very wealthy
6. Social Structures:
  1. Grew frustrated with the policies of neighboring people
    1. Rose up to conquer them
      1. Introduced to West Africa by Muslim traders in Ghana
        Since Mansa Musa brought attention to Mali and Europe, and built schools, libraries, and more. He converted many people to Islam
Songhai
1. Geography:
  1. It existed as a small kingdom for centuries
    1. Came in contact with Muslim traders
      1. Near by the Niger River
        Gao, Timbuktu was the capital
        The rulers were Sunni Ali and Askia Muhammad
        Dealt with the Saharan trade
2. Religion:
  1. Their belief was Islam
    1. Askia Muhammad was the first muslim ruler
      1. Traveled through Egypt, gained support from the Muslim rulers
        Askia Muhammad decided to make pilgrimage by going to Mecca to show commitment
3. Achievements:
  1. When they increased the commerce made them a very wealthy kingdom
    1. They used their wealth again to make Timbuktu center of culture
      1. The kingdom was eventually overthrown by the son
        Later was conquered by Morocco in 1591
4. Politics:
  1. The first thing that Ali did when he became leader was that he took Timbuktu from the Tuareg
    1. Military success came from army of skilled cavalry
      1. They conquered new territories
        They also replaced the local leaders with Ali's own followers
5. Economics:
  1. The government directed an official to rule he western part of the empire
    1. They were rich too
      1. Because of being strong and rich enough , they took control of the former empire in the 1460s
        Grew wealthy trading goods along the Niger River
6. Social Structures:
  1. Led many campaigns against the gathering of people for building the empire
    1. Islam became an influence on the culture
      1. They all cropped together along the Niger River
Ghana
1. Geography:
  1. Sahara Desert
  2. Ghana was located in the middle of the salt and gold trade routes.
  3. From the North, there was salt
    1. From the West, there was the rich materials of gold, ivory, and more goods.
    2. Ghana built their own capital, Kumbi Saleh, which was right on the edge of the Sahara and the city briskly became the most significant southern trading center of the Saharan trade.
    3. Ghana was a kingdom
2. Religion:
  1. They had houses surrounded by stone walls, and was a spiritual capital
  2. A cluster of primarily nomadic people called the Berbers formed a kingdom just south of the Sahara Desert
    1. They had sacred grove of trees used for religious ceremonies.
      1. Ghana was controlled by the Sonike
3. Achievements:
  1. Ghana became rich due to a huge part of the Saharan trade.
    1. As Ghana grew more rich, their kingdom expanded into an empire, requiring neighboring groups of people to pay taxes
      1. In 1076, the Almoravids (Berbers) captured Kumbi Saleh, and ended the ruling of Ghana and changed them into a lot of I slams.
4. Politics:
  1. They held the military power, the king was the supreme judge of the kingdom
  2. Got to increase Ghana's wealth and power even more.
  3. It was contained more than dozens of mosques by the Arab and Berber merchants
  4. The Berbers gained control of the Saharan trade routes, and launched a war against Ghana
  5. Kumbi Saleh was the capital of Ghana
5. Economics:
  1. Ghana had to have to give him a percentage of the products they were trading
  2. Trading gold was a big part and required two be payed
    1. Trading goods with camels
      1. In the trading routes there were salt and gold
6. Social Structures:
  1. Most houses were made out of wood and clay
    1. If you were wealthy then it was wood and stone
      1. Groups of people lived in a region
        About 30,000 people lived in Kumbi Saleh

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