WCED critical objectives : REVIVING GROWTH/ CHANGING THE QUALITY OF GROWTH/
MEETING ESSENTIAL NEEDS FOR JOBS,FOOD,ENERGY,WATER AND SANITATION/
ENSURING A SUSTAINABLE LEVEL OF POPULATION/ CONSERVING AND ENHANCING THE
RESOURCE BASE/ REORIENTEERING TECNOLOGY AND MANAGIN RISK/ MERGIN
ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMICS IN DECISION MAKING.
DEPENDANCY THEORY: under development was not the result of any inadequacies in economic, social or
environmental conditions within those countries themselves BUT the direct outcome of development elsewhere, and
the manner in which those countried were incorporated into the operations of the international capitalist system
STAGES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
TRADITIONAL
SOCIETY
PRE-CONDITIONS
OF TAKE OFF
TAKE OFF
DRIVE TO
MATURITY
HIGH MASS
CONSUMPTION
limited technology and
static society
commercial exploitation of
agriculture and extractive
industry
development of a
manufacturing sector
development of a wider
industrial and commercial
base
transision triggered by external
influences interests or markets
installation of physical
infrastructure and
emergence of political
and social elite
investment in
manufacturing
exceed 10% of
national income;
development of
modern social,
political and
economic
institutions
exploitation of
comparative
advantages in
international
trade
MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
1: eradicate extreme poverty ad hunger
2. achieve universal primary education
3. promote gender equality and empower women
4. reduce child morality
5. improve maternal health
6. combat hiv/aids and other diseases including malaria
7. ensure environmental sustainability
8.develiop a global partnership
for development
the environment mattes mostly to poorer groups
dependant on naturl resouces for livelihoods
live in some of the most inheritantly poor environments
'''marginality'' extensds to political and ecomolicl awell ad environmenta
vulnerability to hazards
suffer irst through environmentl change
development not meeting needs of present
life expectancy declining in parts of SSA
10 million children die ever year before the age pf 5