Ebola Virus Disease

What is Ebola?
1. Severe, often fatal disease in humans
2. Formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever
3. First appeared in 1976 in two outbreaks
  1. In Nzara, Sudan and Yambuku in Democratic Republic of Congo
4. Takes its name from the Ebola River, near which it first appeared
5. Mainly found in tropical Central and West Africa
How is it transmitted?
1. Virus lives in fruit bats
  1. Transmitted to human pop. through close contact with blood, sweat, secretions and other bodily fluids
2. Human to human transmission
  1. Direct contact
    1. Broken skin or mucous membranes
  2. Indirect contact
    1. Environments contaminated with fluids
3. Not contagious until symptoms begin to show
4. West African burial ceremonies in which mourners have direct contact with the body of the deceased
What does it do to the body?
1. Beginning symptoms
  1. Fever, muscle pain and sore throat
  2. Rapidly escalates to vomiting, diarrhoea and internal and external bleeding
2. Incubation period: two to twenty-one days
3. Early treatment improves a patient's chance of survival
4. It can take 21 days to start showing symptoms
Recent News
1. Outbreak began February 2014
  1. Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone
2. Sierra Leone
  1. Poor infection control and mistrust in the health services allowed the virus to reach from the remote jungles to the heart of the coastal capital Freetown
3. Liberia and Sierra Leona declared states of public emergency
  1. Army can now move in to enforce quarantine zones
4. Airlines
  1. West Africa airline Asky has suppended flights to the capitals of both Liberia and Sierra Leone
5. Liberia
  1. To close schools and consider quarantining some communities
6. Killed more than 700 people since February
7. Transmission fears
  1. Fear across the world of the disease spreading outside of Africa
    1. Airlines are screening people coming from that area
    2. Scientists say there is no real threat
    3. Disease not highly contagious until the effected person is sick
    4. Not transmitted through the air
  2. First world countries have better health care systems and are ready for outbreaks like this one, unlike Sierra Leone
How is it treated?
1. No vaccine or cure
  1. Testing to confirm the virus must be done with the highest level of biohazard protection
  2. Several vaccines are being tested but none are available for clinical use
2. Patients frequently severely dehydrated and require oral rehydration
3. Families lose faith in Western Medicine and take the patients home to traditional village healers
  1. Leads to the spread of the disease
4. 60% survival rate

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