AP molecular DNA (pearson ch 13-15)

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caruk-- an organization of the unit/what will be on the test
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AP molecular DNA (pearson ch 13-15)
  1. ch 13: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance
    1. DNA is the genetic material
      1. experiments involved in discovering this
        1. types of bonds found in a molecule of DNA
          1. how that is related to its function
          2. complementary base pairing
            1. how it is related to continuity of maintaining the heritable information
          3. DNA replication
            1. what is meant by DNA being semiconservative
              1. the experiment done to discover it.
              2. enzymes involved such as ligase, primase, DNA Polymerase, topoisomerase, and helicase
                1. Predict what would happen if certain enzymes needed for replication did not function
                2. leading strand v. lagging strand
                  1. excisions repair
                    1. enzymes involved
                      1. Predict what would happen if errors in DNA replication could not be repaired
                  2. ch 14: Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein
                    1. transcription
                      1. process
                        1. transcription factors
                          1. how they relate to the promoter region and RNA Polymerase
                          2. Predict the mRNA strand given the DNA strand and visa-versa
                            1. Explain how transcription differs between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
                              1. including enzymes and related proteins such as RNA polymerase
                                1. What strand of DNA is mRNA copied from? In what direction does the mRNA get made in? What is the promoter region?
                                  1. Explain what a codon is
                                2. translation
                                  1. Explain how translation differs between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
                                    1. how the mRNA code is read to create a protein.
                                      1. Be able to tell what amino acids would be present in a protein is given the mRNA sequence.
                                      2. why there are 3 nitrogen bases per codon in terms of their being 20 amino acids
                                        1. what is meant by the statement: “ the genetic code is redundant but unambiguous”
                                        2. Determine the anticodon in tRNA if given the DNA or mRNA and visa-versa
                                          1. parts of the ribosome involved in transcription
                                            1. structure of tRNA and how it matches up with the complementary mRNA.
                                              1. What contains the codon? The anticodon?
                                                1. different types of mutation and what each results in
                                                  1. how proteins destined for export are tagged.
                                                  2. RNA processing
                                                    1. 3 ways
                                                      1. Predict what would happen if the processed mRNA did not have a 5’ cap or a poly A tail
                                                  3. ch 15: regulation of gene expression
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