Methods of translation

Nota:

• in which the SL word order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context

1. literal translation

   Nota:

   • in which the SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents, but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of the context
   1. faithful translation
      1. semantic translation

         Nota:

         • which differs from the 'faithful translation' only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value of the SL text
         1. adaptation
            1. free translation

               Nota:

               • it produces the TL text without the style, form, or content of the original
               1. idiomatic translation

                  Nota:

                  • it reproduces the message of the original buttends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the original
                  1. communicative translation

                     Nota:

                     • it attemps to render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable