Biology Chapter 10 Test 10.2

Darwin observed variation among island species
1. variation is the difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group to which it belongs
  1. interspecific....same species
  2. intraspecific....different species
2. domed tortoises
  1. short neck and short legs and live in areas with low vegetation
3. saddle-backed tortoises
  1. high shell edges allowing them to stretch their long neks to reach tall vegetation
4. finches with strong, thick beaks live in areas with a lot of large, hard shelled nuts
5. finches with delicate beaks live in areas with insects and fruits
Darwin realized species could adapt to their environment
1. An adaptation is a feature that allows an organism to better survive and reproduce in its environment
  1. can lead to a change in population over time
Darwin observed fossil and geologic evidence of an ancient Earth
1. fossil evidence
  1. finding of the Glyptodon (giant armadillo) fossil....modern animals might have some relationship to fossil forms
2. geologic evidence
  1. fossil shells of marine organisms high up in the Andes Mountains
    1. land that had been underwater was moved up above sea level through earthquake
      1. supported Lyell's theory that daily geologic processes can add up to great change over long periods of time
        evolutionary gradualism

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