MATERIAL WORLD

Nota:

• Unit 1. Natural Science 2º ESO. Escolapios Albacete.

1. Matter

   Nota:

   • Has dimensions Has inertia Causes gravity or gravitation It could have defined or imprecise boundaries
   1. Dimensions

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      • It has volumes, occupies space
   2. Inertia

      Nota:

      • Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in  its state of motion including changes to its speed and direction or the  state of rest. It is the tendency of objects to keep moving in a straight line at constant velocity.
   3. Gravitation

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      • Matter causes gravity. Newton's theory of gravitation
   4. Boundaries
   5. Mass

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      • Related to the amount of mass. It's a meassurement of a body's inertia. Is a meassurement of gravitational attraction.
   6. Size
      1. Density

         Nota:

         • There is no a direct link between the mass and the size of a body. d=m/v
   7. Misconceptions

      Nota:

      • There is no link between the mass and the size. Density. Mass and weight are not the same.
2. Study
   1. Macroscopic

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      • we can easily see without microscopes
   2. Microscopic

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      • Invisible to the naked eye
      1. Direct Study

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         • using appropiate instruments
      2. Indirect Study

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         • using evidence from macroscopic observations to design models and stablish laws and theories
   3. Levels
   4. Size
      1. Scientific Notation

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         • Way of writting and reading numbers that are too big or too small to be written in standard way. Expresses numbers as powers of ten.
      2. Orders of Magnitude

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         • One amount of matter is so many orders of magnitude greater than another  and this is indicated by the exponen of the power of ten that results from dividing their respective sizes.
3. Atoms

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   • All matter is made up of atoms. Are electrically neutral (the number of of electrons is equal to the number of protons)
   1. Electrical Phenomena

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      • Helped us to deduce what atoms look alike
      1. Electric Charge
         1. Positive
            1. Glass
         2. Negative
            1. Plastic
   2. Made up of ...
      1. Nucleus
         1. Protons

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            • Are found in the nucleus. Positive electric charge. Similar mass than a neutron.
         2. Neutrons

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            • Together with protons, make up the nucleus. Have no electric charge. Have a mass that is almost the same as a proton's mass.
      2. Shell
         1. Electrons

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            • Negative electric charge. 1840 times smaller than protons or neutrons. Are found in the shell.
   3. Ions

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      • Atoms that are not neutral
      1. Anions

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         • Atoms charged negatively
      2. Cations

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         • Atoms charged positively
      3. Ionisation

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         • Takes place because electrons are lost or gained.
   4. Organized...
      1. Simple Substances

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         • Made up of only one type of atom.
         1. Single Atoms

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            • Noble gases
         2. Large Groups

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            • Huge numbers of atoms can be bonded together in large, regular structures.
         3. Molecules

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            • in simple substances, two or more atoms of the same type can bond together  to form a molecule.
      2. Compounds

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         • Made up of different types of atoms
         1. Molecules

            Nota:

            • The molecules in compounds are made up of different types of atoms.
         2. Large Groups

            Nota:

            • Ionic compounds.
            1. Ionic compounds
      3. Formulas