UNIVERSE

Nota:

• The Earth is at the centre of the Universe. Aristotle Claudius Ptolemy

Nota:

• The Sun is at the centre of the Universe. Copernicus Galileo Kepler

Nota:

• AU: is equal to the distance between the Earth and the Sun. 150 000 000 km. Distances between planets are expresed in UA

Nota:

• ly: is the distance that light travels in a year. Galactic dimensions are expresed in ly.

Nota:

• 3,26 años luz

Nota:

• Groups of stars, interstellar gas and dust. Contain trillions of stars. Form groups of galaxy clusters.

1. Local Group

   Nota:

   • Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is in the Local Group
2. Contains...
   1. Nebulae

      Nota:

      • Large clouds of dust and gas (hydrogen and helium). in outer space.
   2. Star Clusters

      Nota:

      • Composed of lots of stars that are very close to each other.
3. Milky Way

   Nota:

   • Contains hundred of billions of stars, including the sun. Diameter: 1000 000 yl
   1. Nucleus

      Nota:

      • Central bulge Old stars
   2. Disk

      Nota:

      • Spiral arms. Youngest stars Our Sun is in the Orion Arm
   3. Halo

      Nota:

      • Composed  of isolated stars and globular clusters

Nota:

• Hydrogen and helium Nuclear Fusion

1. The Sun

   Nota:

   • Diameter: 1 400 000 75% hydrogen 25% helium Surface 5500ºC Nucleus 15 000 000ºC Rotation anticlockwise 25/30 days
   1. Solar System
      1. Components
         1. Sun

            Nota:

            • Medium-Sized star  G-Type Emits light
         2. Planets
            1. Features
               1. Mercury

                  Nota:

                  • Closet planet  to the Sun Craters Slow rotation (59 Earth days) Doesn't have an atmosphere Temperatures vary widely No satellites Your weight 0.37 ...
               2. Venus

                  Nota:

                  • =density and size than Earth Atmosphere: CO2, clouds of suphuric acid Highest surface temperature in the solar system. 1 day last more than a Earth year. No satellites. Your weight: 0.88 ...
               3. Earth

                  Nota:

                  • diameter
                  1. Movements
                     1. Revolution
                     2. Rotation
                  2. The Moon
                     1. Lunar Phases
                     2. Eclipses
                        1. Solar
                        2. Lunar
                     3. Tides
               4. Mars
               5. Jupiter
               6. Saturn
               7. Uranus
               8. Neptune
         3. Dwarf Planets
            1. Features
               1. Pluto

                  Nota:

                  • Smaller than the Moon Three satellites (Charon) Your weight: 00.6 times your weight on Earth
               2. Ceres

                  Nota:

                  • Smallest dwarf planet In the asteroid belt Your weight 0.027 ...
               3. Eris

                  Nota:

                  • Bigger than Pluto Discovered in 2005 The farthest away
         4. Satellites
         5. Comets

            Nota:

            • Rocks, ice and dust
            1. Kuiper Belt

               Nota:

               • Short period comets. Halley's comet
            2. Oort Cloud

               Nota:

               • Long period comets
      2. Features

         Nota:

         • The orbit of all planets around the Sun (except Pluto)is on the same plane. Year. anticlockwise translation Day: anticlockwise rotation (except Venus and Uranus)
2. Properties
   1. Brightness

      Nota:

      • Depends on: distance energy released size
   2. Colour

      Nota:

      • depends on the surface temperature

Nota:

• -Abiertos -Globulares