AQA Biology [B1] Part 2

Survival
1. Adaptation
  1. Animals
    1. Weather
      1. Cold
        Small surface area: volume ratio
      2. Hot
        Large surface area: volume ratio
  2. Plants
    1. Lose water vapour through leaf
2. Competition
  1. Animals
    1. Mates
    2. Territory
    3. Food
  2. Plants
    1. Light
    2. Water
    3. Mineral ions in soil
3. Changes in environment
  1. Distribution of living organisms
  2. Make survival harder
  3. Indicator species
    1. Highlight pollution
      1. Sulphur dioxide
        Lichen distribution
      2. Dissolved oxygen
Variation and Reproduction
1. Inheritance
  1. Genes
    1. Control characteristics
    2. Passed on
2. Asexual reproduction
  1. No gametes
  2. Adult cell cloning
  3. Tissue culture
  4. Embryo splitting
  5. All information comes from one parent
3. Genetic engineering
  1. Transfers new genes to new organisms
  2. Makes GM crops
    1. Higher yields
    2. More nutritious
    3. Cause concern about health and environment
  3. Makes embryos develop the certain characteristics
4. Evolution
  1. New species arise when populations adapt to different environments
  2. Darwin
    1. Natural selection
      1. Only fittest organisms survive
        Able to reproduce
      2. Mutation
        Variation
        Best adapted
        Survival breed
        Genes passed on
    2. Gradually accepted
Energy
1. Recycled
  1. Carbon cycle
    1. Photosynthesis
  2. Decomposed
    1. Bacteria and fungi
    2. Decay
      1. Quicker in warm, moist conditions
2. Flows along food chain
  1. Energy decreases from organism to organism
    1. Biomass gets less also

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AQA Biology [B1] Part 2

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