1537702
Genetic Modification - Building a
dinosaur from a chicken - Jack
Horner 2011
- dinosaur behaviour
- Cared for young
- Built nests
- Evidence of colonial nesting and ‘site fidelity’ among ornithischian
dinosaurs
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v297/n5868/abs/297675a0.html
- Nest and egg clutches of the dinosaur Troodon formosus and the evolution of avian reproductive
traits http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v385/n6613/abs/385247a0.html
- Evidence of colonial nesting and ‘site fidelity’ among ornithischian
dinosaurs
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v297/n5868/abs/297675a0.html
- Brought food to babies
- Palaeontology: Parental care in an ornithischian dinosaur
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v431/n7005/abs/431145a.html
- Built nests
- Social
- Egg mountain in Montana
- Lived in colonies
- Traveled in herds
- Traveled in herds
- Morphology changes with ontogeny
- Juveniles can recognize the adults and vice versa
- Juveniles can recognize the adults and vice versa
- Egg mountain in Montana
- Cared for young
- 1993
- Dinosaur DNA rare in amber.
More likely to get Flora or
mosquito DNA . More likely to
get it from a dinosaur!
- Grant from National Science
Foundation to attempt Tyrannosaurus
rex DNA extraction from thigh bone
with Dr Mary Schweitzer
- Found heme but couldn't extract DNA
- Found heme but couldn't extract DNA
- Dinosaur DNA rare in amber.
More likely to get Flora or
mosquito DNA . More likely to
get it from a dinosaur!
- Avian dinosaurs v's non avian dinosaurs. Extinct = non avian dinosaurs, Avian are modern birds
- Dr. Hans Larsson, McGill University
- Genetic modification of chicken to make a
"chickenosaur" Reverse engineering Loss of tail,
formation of wings and gene switching off teeth thorough
bird embryogenesis
- From dinosaurs to birds http://www.evodevojournal.com/content/5/1/25/abstract
- Article http://www.livescience.com/17642-chickenosaurus-jack-horner-create-dinosaur.html
- Dinosaur hands
- Archaeoptrex has a primative hand, hand is now a wing
- Embryonic pigeon looks ooks like archaeoptrex
- Gene expression (turns on a fuses them together to create the wing)
- Gene expression (turns on a fuses them together to create the wing)
- Embryonic pigeon looks ooks like archaeoptrex
- Archaeoptrex has a primative hand, hand is now a wing
- Why?
- Teach kids about Evolutionary and developmental biology
- Technology, entertainment and design
- Teach kids about Evolutionary and developmental biology
- Tooth development
- Gene for teeth, Can turn the tooth gene on and produce teeth in chickens
- Osr2 gene
- Molecular patterning of the mammalian
dentition
http://www.gopubmed.org/osr2.html
- Molecular patterning of the mammalian
dentition
http://www.gopubmed.org/osr2.html
- Wnt pathway
- Expression of Wnt signalling pathway genes during tooth development
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925477399000957
- Expression of Wnt signalling pathway genes during tooth development
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925477399000957
- Hox-8
- Expression patterns of the homeobox gene, Hox-8, in
the mouse embryo suggest a role in specifying tooth
initiation and shape.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1358591
- Expression patterns of the homeobox gene, Hox-8, in
the mouse embryo suggest a role in specifying tooth
initiation and shape.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1358591
- Osr2 gene
- Gene for teeth, Can turn the tooth gene on and produce teeth in chickens
- Tail
- Bird have rudimentry tail, embryo has large tail but it gene turns
on and it is reabsorbed
- Atavism: Embryology, Development and Evolution
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/atavism-embryology-development-and-evolution-843
- Atavism: Embryology, Development and Evolution
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/atavism-embryology-development-and-evolution-843
- Bird have rudimentry tail, embryo has large tail but it gene turns
on and it is reabsorbed
- From dinosaurs to birds http://www.evodevojournal.com/content/5/1/25/abstract
- Genetic modification of chicken to make a
"chickenosaur" Reverse engineering Loss of tail,
formation of wings and gene switching off teeth thorough
bird embryogenesis
- Behavioural
- Avian Paternal Care Had Dinosaur Origin http://www.sciencemag.org/content/322/5909/1826.short
- Phylogenetic reconstruction of parental–care systems in the ancestors of birds
http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/357/1419/251.short
- Avian Paternal Care Had Dinosaur Origin http://www.sciencemag.org/content/322/5909/1826.short
- Morphology
- Avian dinosaur embryos
- Avian dinosaur embryos
- Evolutionary biomodification tool
- Selection
- eg. Selective breeding in dogs
- eg. Selective breeding in dogs
- Transgenesis - take a favorable gene out
of one and incorporate into another
species genome
- Example glofish / glow animals
- Recombinant DNA Technology and Transgenic Animals
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/recombinant-dna-technology-and-transgenic-animals-34513w
- Recombinant DNA Technology and Transgenic Animals
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/recombinant-dna-technology-and-transgenic-animals-34513w
- Example glofish / glow animals
- atavism activation - gene expression
- Switching on & off of
genes
- Switching on & off of
genes
- Selection
- Dr. Hans Larsson, McGill University
- Hell creek project
- B- rex
- Incomplete, Small and found under a
thousand cubic yards of rock
- Died at the age of 16
- Biomolecular Characterization and Protein Sequences of
the Campanian Hadrosaur B. canadensis
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/324/5927/626
- Biomolecular Characterization and Protein Sequences of
the Campanian Hadrosaur B. canadensis
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/324/5927/626
- Female
- meduallry tissue found around the bone
(calcium build up / storage when a bird is
pregnant
- Shows similarities to birds
- Hips - on other mind map
- Shows similarities to birds
- meduallry tissue found around the bone
(calcium build up / storage when a bird is
pregnant
- Died at the age of 16
- Found soft tissue
- Blood vessels
- Blood vessels
- Found osteocytes
- Form the bones
- Form the bones
- Evidence of protein but no DNA
- DNA breaks down too fast when uncovered
- DNA breaks down too fast when uncovered
- Incomplete, Small and found under a
thousand cubic yards of rock
- B- rex
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