Female Reproductive System

Nota:

• There are a few anatomical features that can be of importance. The fallopian tube, the cervix, ovaries, uterus, vagina.

Nota:

• As per normal, control is from the hypothalamus and to the anterior pituitary and into the ovaries. The gonadotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus was released to stimulate anterior pituitary to stimulate LH and FSH  generation. This then stimulates the follicles and the corpus luteum, and it generates steroids and glycoproteins hormones which then stimulates the uterus, the vagina and the cervix. The negative feedback loops is the feedbacked into the anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus. The glycoproteins are inhibin A and B.

Nota:

• It is a cyclical process. 1) Primordial/Primary Follicle 2) Secondary Follicle 3) Graafian follicle 4) Ovulation 5) Corpus Luteum 6) Degeneration to corpus albicans and the cycle repeats itself.

1. Early follicular Phase Hormonal control

   Nota:

   • Theca cells from the follicles stimulates the production of inhibit B which inhibits FSH production, it also had paracrine action to increase LH receptors and autocrine action to increase FSH and estrogen receptors. It decreases FSH and Store LH. with the production of inhibin B
2. Mid-late Phase

   Nota:

   • Gonadotrophin releasing Hormones stimulates FSH and LH. Creates a surge in estrogen, it also stimulates increase in pulsaltile release of Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormones.
3. Ovulation, Luteal Phase

   Nota:

   • Follicle ruptures due to proteolysis of basal lamina, oocyte and corona radiata is relased into peritoneal cavity. Oocyte drawn into fallopian tube. It increased in inhibin A secretion, And increased in estrogen and progesterone secretion which creates a negative feedback loop into the anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus.
4. Indicators of Ovulation

   Nota:

   • A. Vaginal Epithelial Cells B. Body Temperature C) Cervical Mucus

1. Menses

   Nota:

   • Menses: Loss of estrogen and progesterone Contraction of spiral arteries which reduces the blood tissues and lead to tissue death, it leads to shedding to uterine lining (endometrium) into vagina causing menstrual flow.
   1. Proliferative Phase

      Nota:

      • Estrogen stimulates the development of uterine lining. Endometrial layer grows and glands enlarge and epiral arteries elongate, smoth muscle layers thicken.
      1. Secretory Phase

         Nota:

         • Endomentrium is prepared for oocyte implantation. Maintained by progesterone. Spiral arteries elongate and coil, glands enlarged and secrete glycogen-rich fluids.

Nota:

• Promotes development of secondary sex characteristic. Menstruation, menarche Stimulate growth of external genitalia. Subcutaneous fat deposits Responsible for soft skin Sodium and water retention Plasma cholesterol lowering action.