The French Revolution(1789-1815)

CAUSES:
1. Wealth GAP-b/tween estate system
2. Enlightment ideas: all men are both equal
3. Louis XVI policies(absolutism)
4. Widespread hunger/cold
5. THE ESTATES GENERAL
  1. National Assembly born in France
    1. legislative body-parliament
6. BASTILLE
  1. prison in Paris w/ numerous political prisoners
  2. storming of bastille--prisoners were hoping to get gunpowder
  3. marks the beginning of Rev.
Old Order(Regime): THREE ESTATES
1. King Louis XVI(16th)
  1. Last king of France
  2. Marie Antoinette
  3. well-meaning but weak & indecisive
2. FIRST ESTATE
  1. Clergy: relgious leaders
    1. 1% of ppl; 10% of the land
3. SECOND ESTATE
  1. Nobles
    1. 2% of ppl; 25% of the land
4. THIRD ESTATE
  1. Middle class/Peasants
    1. 97% of ppl; 65% of land
  2. BUORGEOISIE-top wealthy of 3rd estate
5. First & second estate benefit from the third estate
6. *Nobles & clergy lost power to 3rd estate
Jacobins: radicals
1. more willing to use violence; ruthles
2. Jean-Paul MARAT
3. ROBESPIERRE
  1. "incorruptible"
  2. lawyer & politician
  3. one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution
GREAT FEAR
1. tales of attacks on villages & towns spread panic
2. other rumors asserted that gov't troops were seizing peasant crops
Declaration of Rights of Man
1. =Declaration of Independence
2. Liberty, equality, & fraternity
3. All men are born equal
4. Freedom of speech, press & religion(C:BOR:1)
5. No women rights yet
6. ENDED RIGHTS OF THE CLERGY
  1. Took land from clergy(Roman Catholic Church)
The Reign of Terror
1. 1793-1794
2. GUILLOTINE: razor sharp blade that dropped(decapitation)
  1. Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette
3. to stop any counter-revolutionaries
NAPOLEAN Bonaparte
1. Born in Corsica(apart of France)
2. proven military strategist
3. Nov 1799 COUP D'ETAT
  1. military overthrow
4. fell victim to trap-absolute power, power absolutely
5. crowned himself king
6. THE NAPOLENIC CODE: code of laws that embodied Enlightenment principles
  1. Revision of French law
    1. Code of law
    2. Public education system
      1. K-12, Univ's tech schoools
7. Continental System
  1. economic warfare
  2. blockaded Euro ports to England
    1. hurting them economically
8. Russian Campaign
  1. Russia ally w/ England
  2. The GRAND ARMY
    1. started 600,000 soldiers
    2. Scorched Earth Policy
      1. retreated eastward, burning crops & villages along the way
  3. 2 factors that helped w/ defeat of French
    1. Cold winter & starvation
    2. Scorched Earth tactics
  4. Battle of the Nations
    1. Napolean abdicates
9. Exiled to ISLE OF ELBA
  1. escaped jailbreak
    1. Battle of Waterloo(1815)
      1. Napolean defeated & returns to exile
        Isle of St. Helena, S. Atlantic
Congress of Vienna
1. meeting
2. winter of 1814-15
3. Vienna, Austria
4. restore balance of power in Europe
  1. DEVINE RIGHT
5. restore borders
6. Diplomacy NOT war
  1. peaceful negotiation
7. Legitimacy
  1. restoration of the European monarchies

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