Basic concepts of endocrine system

Descripción

Mapa Mental sobre Basic concepts of endocrine system, creado por Mandy Ng el 15/02/2015.
Mandy Ng
Mapa Mental por Mandy Ng, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Mandy Ng
Creado por Mandy Ng hace casi 10 años
12
0

Resumen del Recurso

Basic concepts of endocrine system
  1. Coordination of body functions
    1. Neurotransmitters
      1. Released by axon terminals of neurons into synaptic junctions
        1. Act locally to control nerve cell functions
        2. Endocrines
          1. Secreted by glands/ specialized cells into the circulating blood
            1. Influence the function of cells at other location in the body
            2. Neuroendocrines
              1. Secreted by neurons into the circulation
                1. Influence the function of cells at other location in the body
                  1. E.g. hypothalamic hormones
                2. Paracrines
                  1. Secreted by cells --> extracellular fluid (ECF)
                    1. Affect neighbouring cells (i.e. other than those that produced the hormone )
                      1. E.g. Action of sex steroid on the ovary
                    2. Autocrines
                      1. Secreted by cells --> ECF
                        1. Affect the same cells that produced them (i.e. site of production)
                          1. E.g. Release of insulin from pancreatic B-cells can inhibit its release from the same cells
                        2. Cytokines
                          1. Are peptides secreted by cells --> ECF
                            1. Can function as autocrines, paracrines/ endocrines
                              1. E.g. interleukins
                          2. Body's 2nd largest communication system
                            1. Serves to REGULATE, INTEGRATE, & COORDINATE diff. physiological processes by means of hormones
                              1. Hormonal regulations: 4 areas
                                1. 1. Digestion, utilization & storage of nutrients
                                  1. E.g. Gut hormones, insulin
                                  2. 2. Growth & development
                                    1. E.g. Growth hormones, FSH, LH
                                    2. 3. Water & electrolyte balance
                                      1. E.g. PTH, aldosterone, ADH
                                      2. 4. Reproductive functions
                                        1. E.g. Estrogen, testerone
                                      3. Hormones
                                        1. Mode of action
                                          1. Def.
                                            1. Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine organs
                                              1. Released in small quantities into blood & upon delivery by the circulation to target cell
                                                1. Act to regulate reactions that elicit a typical response
                                                  1. Endocrine action
                                              2. Chemical structures
                                                1. 3 categories
                                                  1. Amines & amino acids
                                                    1. Derived from single aa (Tyrosine)
                                                      1. E.g Norepinephrine & epinephrine
                                                      2. Derived from 2 iodinated tyrosine aa residues
                                                        1. E.g. Thyroid hormones
                                                      3. Peptides (<20 aa) & Proteins (>20 aa)
                                                        1. Small
                                                          1. E.g. thyrotropin-releasing hormone (3 aa)
                                                          2. Large & Complex
                                                            1. E.g. Growth hormone & FSH (approx. 200 aa)
                                                          3. Steroids
                                                            1. Derived from cholesterol
                                                              1. E.g. Testosterone, oestrogen & progesterone
                                                        2. Synthesis
                                                          1. Protein & peptide hormones
                                                            1. Synthesized in rough ER
                                                              1. Usually synthesized as precursor hormone --> modification
                                                                1. E.g. Insulin contains an extra aa when synthesized
                                                                2. Packed & stored in granules/ vesicles by Golgi & secreted when required
                                                                  1. May exist as free hormone & circulates unbound in blood/ complexed with specific binding proteins
                                                                  2. Steroid hormones
                                                                    1. Synthesized in smooth ER/ mitochondria
                                                                      1. Certain steroids --> precursors for production of other hormones
                                                                        1. E.g. In adrenal cortex: progesterone --> aldosterone, cortisol/ androgens
                                                                        2. Carried by specific carrier proteins
                                                                      2. Metabolism & excretion
                                                                      Mostrar resumen completo Ocultar resumen completo

                                                                      Similar

                                                                      Food Chains and Food Webs Quiz
                                                                      Selam H
                                                                      Renal System A&P
                                                                      Kirsty Jayne Buckley
                                                                      Nervous System
                                                                      4everlakena
                                                                      Diabetes Mellitus
                                                                      Kirsty Jayne Buckley
                                                                      Ecology Vocabulary
                                                                      Selam H
                                                                      Endocrine System
                                                                      Riki M
                                                                      Ecology Notes
                                                                      Selam H
                                                                      Oxygenation
                                                                      Jessdwill
                                                                      Clostridium Difficile
                                                                      Kirsty Jayne Buckley
                                                                      Definitions
                                                                      katherinethelma
                                                                      Clinical Governance
                                                                      Kirsty Jayne Buckley